Showing papers in "Neuropsychologia in 2010"

TL;DR: A neurocognitive model is put forward according to which body-ownership arises as an interaction between current multisensory input and internal models of the body.

TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual analysis of the body schema contrasting it with the body image(s) is provided, as well as assess whether (i) body schema can be specifically impaired, while other types of body representation are preserved.

TL;DR: The literature suggests that tDCS and GVS are exciting and easily applicable research tools for neuropsychological as well as clinical-therapeutic investigations, and may induce neuroplastic changes which make them promising techniques in the field of neurorehabilitation.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided in support of the transformation hypothesis, which is advanced as a framework for unifying the seemingly disparate results of studies of anterograde and retrograde memory in the animal and human literatures.

TL;DR: A wide range of neuropsychological, neuroimaging and neurophysiological data is reviewed to explore the dissociation between these different aspects of higher somatosensory function.

TL;DR: A non-modular view of memory is proposed in which memory and perception depend upon the same anatomically distributed representations (emergent memory account), and a number of outstanding questions proposed, including key predictions that can be tested by future studies.

TL;DR: It will be argued that the amygdala plays a key role in solving the following problem: How can a limited-capacity information processing system that receives a constant stream of diverse inputs be designed to selectively process those inputs that are most significant to the objectives of the system?

TL;DR: These two specific models of agency and body-ownership are tested by investigating the sensory and motor aspects of body-representation in the brain using fMRI, and the results support the independence model.

TL;DR: It is argued for an integrated notion of bodily self-suggesting that the internal sense and the boundaries of the human body coincide with the extensions that linguistic tools allow.

TL;DR: Differences were noted in regions involved in primary sensorimotor processes (pre- and postcentral gyri), conflict monitoring, inhibitory and response control, and somatic representations (posterior insula), which suggest impaired cognitive control in youth who experienced ES.

TL;DR: The first evidence for functional connectivity as a source of variance in the association between aerobic fitness and cognition is provided, and results are discussed in the context of neurobiological theories of cognitive aging and disease.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the amygdala interacts with these structures to promote enhancements in perceptual processing, semantic elaboration, and attention, which serve to benefit subsequent memory for emotional material.

TL;DR: It is suggested that neurocognitive developmental dysfunctions in DD may not be limited to the linguistic brain area, but may involve a more multifocal cortical system.

TL;DR: Two possible explanations are proposed: first, that the brain areas subserving music processing may be preferentially spared byAD, allowing a more holistic encoding that facilitates recognition, and second, that music heightens arousal in patients with AD, allowing better attention and improved memory.

TL;DR: This paper used transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to disrupt neural processing temporarily in the left or right temporal poles of the human brain, and found that the efficiency of semantic processing was reduced by rTMS.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that experience-dependent plasticity of white-matter microstructure extends into old age and that disruptions of structural interhemispheric connectivity in old age, which are pronounced in aging, are modifiable by experience and amenable to treatment.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that enhanced pure-tone pitch discrimination may be a cognitive correlate of speech-delay among persons with ASD, however, auditory discrimination among this group does not appear to be directly contingent on the spectro-temporal complexity of the stimuli.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the Center of Cancellation (CoC) provides an intuitive, continuous and robust measure of neglect severity, and is provided with free software allowing other groups not only to rapidly analyze new but also previously existing datasets using this measure.

TL;DR: Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have demonstrated a critical role for a cortical region in the right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) in "theory of mind" (ToM), or mental state reasoning, which provides evidence for the ToM hypothesis: the response in these functional regions is selective for mental state content, whether that content is unexpected or expected.

TL;DR: It is argued that the body is primarily given to us as source or power for action, i.e., as the variety of motor potentialities that define the horizon of the world in which the authors live, by populating it with things at hand to which they can be directed and with other bodies they can interact with.

TL;DR: People with ASD were found to be less accurate at processing the basic emotional expressions of disgust, anger and surprise; disgust recognition was most impaired--at 100% intensity and lower levels, whereas recognition of surprise and anger were intact at 100% but impaired at lower levels of intensity.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the traditional concept of the body schema should be divided into three components: primary somatosensory representations, which are representations of the skin surface that are typically somatotopically organized, and have been shown to change dynamically due to peripheral or central modifications.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the semantic impairment in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may result from a breakdown of semantic knowledge of famous people and objects, combined with difficulties in the selection, manipulation and retrieval of this knowledge.

TL;DR: The effects of orbitomedial damage on a range of neuropsychological tasks, including tasks measuring object alternation and reversal learning, decision-making (gambling), facial emotion recognition, theory of mind, olfactory recognition, autobiographical memory and behavioral rating measures are reviewed.

TL;DR: The HFA group's engagement of posterior brain regions along with its weak connections to frontal language areas suggest support for a reliance on visual mediation in autism, even in tasks of higher cognition.

TL;DR: A single intranasal administration of oxytocin, as opposed to the placebo, improved the subjects' ability to recognize fear, but not other emotions, suggesting a specific role for oxytoc in fear recognition, which could be relevant for clinical disorders that manifest deficits in processing emotional facial expressions, particularly fear.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that distancing from aversive social cues modulates amygdala activity via engagement of networks implicated in social perception, perspective-taking, and attentional allocation.

TL;DR: A link between the progressive degeneration of the anterior regions of medial frontal structures characterising the early stages of the bv-FTD and the ToM deficit these patients show is suggested, and the importance of using ToM tests during the diagnostic process of bv -FTD is suggested.

TL;DR: Results indicate that level of social anxiety mediates the neural response to emotional face perception in ASD.

TL;DR: Results show that the FRN codes negative prediction errors in the context of varying reward probabilities and magnitudes, in line with recent results based on functional neuroimaging and lend further support to the idea of a key role of the ACC in the integration of information on different aspects of performance outcomes.