Journal ArticleDOI
Chlorine decay in drinking-water transmission and distribution systems: pipe service age effect.
TLDR
The results showed that pipe service age was an important factor that must not be ignored in some pipes such as cast iron, steel, cement-line ductile iron (CLDI), and cement-lined cast iron ( CLCI) pipes especially when the bulk decay is not significant relative to the wall decay.About:
This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2007-01-01. It has received 195 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Ductile iron & Cast iron.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Models for predicting disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in drinking waters: a chronological review.
TL;DR: The current challenges and future research needs to better control DBP formation are identified, and important directions for future research are recommended to protect human health and to follow the best management practices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding, Monitoring, and Controlling Biofilm Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
TL;DR: Management of biofilm growth in water distribution systems requires an integrated approach, starting from the treatment of water prior to entering the networks to the potential implementation of "biofilm-limiting" operational conditions and, finally, ending with the careful selection of available technologies for biofilm monitoring and control.
Journal ArticleDOI
National trends in drinking water quality violations.
TL;DR: It is shown that health-based drinking water quality violations are widespread, with 9–45 million people possibly affected during each of the past 34 years, and hot spots and vulnerability factors associated with violations are identified, which can allow public policies to target underperforming water systems.
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Biofilms in drinking water: problems and solutions
TL;DR: This review covers the advances in the knowledge of public health problems caused by the presence of biofilms in DWDS and the current strategies for DW disinfection and associated biofilmms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Disinfectant, Water Age, and Pipe Material on Occurrence and Persistence of Legionella, mycobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Two Amoebas
Hong Wang,Sheldon Masters,Yanjuan Hong,Jonathan Stallings,Joseph O. Falkinham,Marc Edwards,Amy Pruden +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of pipe materials, disinfectant type, and water age on occurrence and persistence of three opportunistic pathogens (Legionella pneumophila, mycobacteria, P. aeruginosa, and both amoebas) was examined.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling Chlorine Residuals in Drinking‐Water Distribution Systems
TL;DR: In this paper, a mass transfer-based model is developed for predicting chlorine decay in drinking-water distribution networks, considering first-order reactions of chlorine to occur both in the bulk flow and at the pipe wall.
Journal ArticleDOI
The decay of chlorine associated with the pipe wall in water distribution systems
TL;DR: The results indicate that wall decay rates for the former are limited by chlorine transport and for the latter by pipe material characteristics, and the wall decay rate is inversely related to initial chlorine concentration for low reactivity pipes.
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DBP formation kinetics in a simulated distribution system.
TL;DR: Results showed that although the rate of chlorine consumption in the pipe was much greater than in the bottle, there was no decrease in the amount of haloacetic acids produced and that trihalomethane levels actually increased by an average of 15%.
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A model for chlorine concentration decay in pipes
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized expression for chlorine consumption at the pipe wall is used to solve the governing equation and to determine the average chlorine concentration at any location in the pipe, and a methodology to determine them in pipe networks is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relative importance of the phenomena responsible for chlorine decay in drinking water distribution systems
TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical classification of the main parameters involved in free chlorine decay observed in distribution systems is proposed, and the rate of chlorine decay in bulk phase can be estimated according to the TOC and the temperature.