Journal ArticleDOI
Chlorophyllin is both a positive and negative modifier of mutagenicity.
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TLDR
The mechanism responsible for the modification of mutagenicity by chlorophyllin has been investigated using mutagenic compounds with different mechanisms of action, including the monofunctional alkylating agents, N-methyl-N'-nitrosourea (MNU) and ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS).Abstract:
The mechanism responsible for the modification of mutagenicity by chlorophyllin has been investigated using mutagenic compounds with different mechanisms of action, including the monofunctional alkylating agents, N-methyl-N'-nitrosourea (MNU) and ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS); nitrosamines related to tobacco products, i.e. dimethyl-nitrosamine (DMN), N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-2-butanone (NNK); the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and two of its metabolites, i.e. (-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (7,8-diol) and (+)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-oxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE); and a complex mutagenic mixture, an extract and subfractions of Swedish moist oral snuff (SMOS). Mutagenicity was monitored with the Ames Salmonella/microsome assays (STY) and hprt V79 point mutation assay (V79). The effects of chlorophyllin on the mutagenicity of the nitrosamines in the STY assays were found to be complex. In the presence of either NNN or NNK, low concentrations of chlorophyllin actually potentiated the mutagenicity > 2-fold. However, at higher, but still non-toxic concentrations, chlorophyllin decreased the mutagenicity of both compounds. The same type of dose-response relationship for chlorophyllin was indicated in the V79 assay system with DMN, although the effect was much weaker. The results with STY were further confirmed by replacing chlorophyllin with another porphyrin compound, hemin. In contrast, biliverdin, a porphyrin structure without the central metal ion, was unable to potentiate the mutagenicity of NNK in STY.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)read more
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Digestion, absorption, and cancer preventative activity of dietary chlorophyll derivatives
TL;DR: Chlorophyll and its various derivatives are believed to be among the family of phytochemical compounds that are potentially responsible for such associations as mentioned in this paper, and the potential of chlorophyll as a cancer preventative agent has drawn significant attention recently.
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Antimutagens as cancer chemopreventive agents in the diet.
TL;DR: If antimutagenic effects are to have any impact on human disease, it is essential that they are specifically directed against the most common mutagens in daily life, so that combinations of antimutagens will probably be necessary.
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Potent antimutagenic activity of white tea in comparison with green tea in the Salmonella assay
Gilberto Santana-Rios,Gayle A. Orner,Adams Amantana,Cynthia Provost,Shiau-Yin Wu,Roderick H. Dashwood +5 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the greater inhibitory potency of white versus green tea in the Salmonella assay might be related to the relative levels of the nine major constituents, perhaps acting synergistically with other (minor) constituents, to inhibit mutagen activation as well as "scavenging" the reactive intermediate(s).
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Dietary chlorophyllin is a potent inhibitor of aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis in rainbow trout.
TL;DR: Chlorophyllin (CHL), a food-grade derivative of the ubiquitous green plant pigment chlorophyll, is a potent, dose-responsive inhibitor of aflatoxin B1 DNA adduction and hepatocarcinogenesis in the rainbow trout model when fed with carcinogen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Binding of polycyclic planar mutagens to chlorophyllin resulting in inhibition of the mutagenic activity
TL;DR: It is concluded that trapping by complex formation plays a role in the antimutagenic actions of chlorophyllin against many mutagens, particularly notable being the actions against ICR-170, quinacrine, aflatoxin B1, Trp-P-1 and Trp -P-2.