Choice, rate of reinforcement, and the changeover delay
Alan Silberberg,Edmund Fantino +1 more
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The present study shows that equality between proportions of responses and proportions of reinforcements ("matching") is obtained when the value of the changeover delay is varied.Abstract:
Pigeons distribute their responses on concurrently available variable-interval schedules in the same proportion as reinforcements are distributed on the two schedules only when a changeover delay is used. The present study shows that this equality between proportions of responses and proportions of reinforcements (“matching”) is obtained when the value of the changeover delay is varied. When responses are partitioned into the set of rapid response bursts occurring during the delay interval and the set of responses occurring subsequently, the proportion of neither set of responses matches the proportion of reinforcements. Instead, each set deviates from matching but in opposite directions. Matching on the gross level results from the interaction of two patterns evident in the local response rates: (I) the lengthening of the changeover delay response burst is accompanied by a commensurate decrease in the number of changeovers; (2) the changeover delay response burst is longer than the scheduled delay duration. When delay responses are eliminated by introducing a blackout during the delay interval, response matching is eliminated; the pigeon, however, continues to match the proportion of time spent responding on a key to the proportion of reinforcements obtained on that key.read more
Citations
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Pragmatism and Behavior Analysis
TL;DR: The American philosophical movement known as pragmatism has played a major role in psychology since the two developed together from the late 19th century through the early years of the 20th century as discussed by the authors.
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Stimulus effects on concurrent performance in transition
TL;DR: The results show the importance of studying transitions in behavior as well as final performance in pigeon training, and may be relevant to discrepancies in the results of previous experiments that have used nonhuman and human subjects.
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Methods of analyzing behavior patterns
TL;DR: This chapter focuses on the methods of analyzing patterns of behavior from the perspective of the inductive approach with an emphasis on the individual organism and close inspection of data.
Journal ArticleDOI
The copyist model of response emission.
Takayuki Tanno,Alan Silberberg +1 more
TL;DR: The model presented assumes that rate is determined by the mean of interresponse times (time between two responses) between successive reinforcers, averaged so that their contribution to that mean diminishes exponentially with distance from reinforcement.
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Recent Developments In Choice
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the concurrent-chains procedure, in which the organism responds on two concurrently available keys, each of which is illuminated by the stimulus of the initial link of one chain.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement
TL;DR: The present experiment is a study of strength of response of pigeons on a concurrent schedule under which they peck at either of two response-keys and investigates output as a function of frequency of reinforcement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preference and Switching under Concurrent Scheduling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concurrent performances: reinforcement interaction and response independence.
TL;DR: When a pigeon's pecks on two keys were reinforced concurrently by two independent variable-interval (VI) schedules, one for each key, the response rate on either key was given by the equation: R(1)=R(1)/(r(1)+r(2))(5/6), where R is response rate, r is reinforcement rate, and the subscripts 1 and 2 indicate keys 1 and 1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changeover delay and concurrent schedules: some effects on relative performance measures
TL;DR: The pigeon and the rat partition total response output between both schedules of a concurrent variable-interval pair is studied and the quantitative nature of a partition seems critically dependent on the relative rates with which the two schedules provide reinforcements for responding, in addition to the changeover delay.