Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative study on the efficacy and acceptability of two contraceptive pills administered by the vaginal route: an international multicenter clinical trial.
Elsimar Metzker Coutinho,Jose Carlos de Souza,Ana Rita da Silva,Oscar Mateo de Acosta,Francisco J. Alvarez,Vivian Brache,Josue Garza Flores,L Vasquez-Estrada,R Santo,Susana Bassol,Gloria Alvarado,Zhi-Ping Gu,O A Ladipo,Adeyemi O. Adekunle,E O Otolorin,J K G Mati,A. Maggwa,Mamdouh M. Shaaban,Ezzat H. Sayed,Hany Abdel-Aleem,N C Sikazwe,Sheldon J. Segal +21 more
TLDR
The efficacy and acceptability of two widely used oral contraceptive tablets administered by the vaginal route, one containing 250 mg levonorgestrel and 50 µg ethinyl estradiol and the other containing 150 μg desogestrel, are confirmed.Abstract:
The efficacy and acceptability of two widely used oral contraceptive tablets, one containing 250 mg levonorgestrel and 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and the other containing 150 micrograms desogestrel and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol, administered by the vaginal route were compared in 1055 women studied over 12,630 woman-months of vaginal contraceptive pill use. This multicenter clinical trial was performed in nine countries of the developing world by the "South to South Cooperation in Reproductive Health," an organization founded by scientists from the Third World working in the area of reproductive health, and the study was developed and coordinated by one of these centers. The findings of this study confirm the efficacy of both these tablets when administered by the vaginal route. Involuntary pregnancy rates at 1 year of 2.78 for subjects in the levonorgestrel group and 4.54 for subjects the desogestrel group showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, total discontinuation rates of 47.01 for subjects in the levonorgestrel group and 56.33 for subjects in the desogestrel group showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, and discontinuation rates attributable to prolonged bleeding of 0.6 for subjects in the levonorgestrel group and 3.2 for subjects in the desogestrel group were also significantly higher in the group of subjects using the desogestrel vaginal contraceptive pill. Blood pressure remained at admission values throughout treatment. A statistically significant weight increase from admission values occurred in both groups of subjects.read more
Citations
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Oral Contraceptive Use for the Primary Prevention of Ovarian Cancer
Laura J. Havrilesky,Jennifer M Gierisch,Patricia G. Moorman,Remy R Coeytaux,Rachel Peragallo Urrutia,William J. Lowery,Michaela A. Dinan,Amanda J McBroom,Liz Wing,Michael Musty,Kathryn R Lallinger,Vic Hasselblad,Gillian D Sanders,Evan R. Myers +13 more
TL;DR: There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against the use of OCs solely for the primary prevention of ovarian cancer, and the harm/benefit ratio was much more favorable when protection against endometrial and colorectal cancers was added.
Journal ArticleDOI
New ways of preventing HIV infection : thinking simply, simply thinking
TL;DR: HIV infection is the greatest health crisis in human history because it continues to spread unchecked among the poor in the developing world because simple preventative methods that are available and affordable to those living on under $2 a day are failed.
Journal ArticleDOI
No. 329-Canadian Contraception Consensus Part 4 of 4 Chapter 9: Combined Hormonal Contraception.
Amanda Black,Edith Guilbert,Dustin Costescu,Sheila Dunn,William E. Fisher,Sari Kives,Melissa Mirosh,Wendy V. Norman,Helen Pymar,Robert L. Reid,Geneviève Roy,Hannah Varto,Ashley Waddington,Marie-Soleil Wagner,Anne Marie Whelan +14 more
TL;DR: Recommendations for practice are ranked according to the method described in this report, and the quality of the evidence is rated using the criteria described in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.
Journal Article
Inhibition of ovulation with cyclic use of progestogen-impregnated intravaginal devices.
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficacy acceptability and reversibility of contraception with silicone vaginal rings impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate were studied using 24 female subjects (age 24-39) over a 10 month period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative study on intermittent versus continuous use of a contraceptive pill administered by vaginal route
Elsimar Metzker Coutinho,Edson O'Dwyer,Ione Cristina Barbosa,Gu Zhi-Ping,Mamdouh M. Shaaban,Mohamed Aboul-Oyoon,Hany Abdel Aleem +6 more
TL;DR: There was a statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate between the two groups and there were no other significant differences in discontinuation rates despite marked differences in bleeding patterns, amenorrhea predominating in the continuous use group.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A multicenter study of levonorgestrel-estradiol contraceptive vaginal rings. I-Use effectiveness. An international comparative trial.
Irving Sivin,Daniel R. Mishell,Arne Victor,Soledad Diaz,Francisco Alvarez-Sanchez,Niels Christian Nielsen,Oladele Akinla,Tapani Pyorala,Elsimar Metzker Coutinho,Anibal Faundes,Subir Roy,Paul F. Brenner,Tom Ahren,Margarita Pavez,Vivian Brache,O.F. Giwa-Osagie,Margaret O. Fasan,Belinha Zausner-Guelman,Elias Darze,Jose Carlos Gama daSilva,Juan Diaz,Theodore M. Jackanicz,Janet Stern,Harold A. Nash +23 more
TL;DR: These trials indicate that CVRs of this design are as effective and have continuation rates equal to and possibly superior to Nordette under the same study conditions.
Journal Article
Inhibition of ovulation with cyclic use of progestogen-impregnated intravaginal devices.
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficacy acceptability and reversibility of contraception with silicone vaginal rings impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate were studied using 24 female subjects (age 24-39) over a 10 month period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vaginal Progesterone for Contraception
TL;DR: The results indicate that at higher dosages the Silastic vaginal ring offers a mode of administration of natural steroids to be used in hormonal contraception.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical performance and endocrine profiles with contraceptive vaginal rings containing a combination of estradiol and D-norgestrel.
TL;DR: The main problem encountered was of spontaneous expulsion of the ring in the toilet, which might be due to the squatting toilet habits of Indian women and laxity of vaginal wall.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ovulation suppression in women following vaginal administration of oral contraceptive tablets.
TL;DR: 5 of 6 subjects who complained of nausea during OC use reported no nausea during the period of vaginal administration and levels of 17beta-estradiol which showed considerable variation during the control cycle remained low during the treatment cycle.