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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Comparison of Carbon Nonotubes and Activated Alumina Efficiencies in Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water

TLDR
In this article, the authors investigated the removal efficiency of single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNs and MWCNs) from water, and its comparison with two types of fine powder and 150 mesh activated alumina.
Abstract
Fluoride is a kind of anions, which makes its way to the water resources through diverse natural and human activities. Moreover, its health effects are so important and can vary based on the amounts of the intakes to the body. The aim of this study was to investigate fluoride removal efficiency of single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNs & MWCNs) from water, and its comparison with the removal efficiency of two types of fine powder and 150 mesh activated alumina. Results show that, using SWCNs, the highest removal efficiency was achieved in pH=5 and sorbent concentration of 0.5 g/L. Moreover, with the increasing of pH the removal efficiency decreased. Meanwhile, fluoride removal efficiency increased with the increasing of the sorbent dosage and decreasing of the initial concentration of fluoride. In conclusion, the SWCNs had higher removal efficiency in comparison with the removal efficiency of both types of the activated alumina in optimum conditions.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Enhanced Removal of Fluoride by Polystyrene Anion Exchanger Supported Hydrous Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles

TL;DR: HZO-201 exhibited much higher preference than activated alumina and D201 toward fluoride removal when competing anions coexisted at relatively high levels, and has a great potential in efficient defluoridation of groundwater and acidic mine drainage.
Journal ArticleDOI

A review of emerging adsorbents and current demand for defluoridation of water: Bright future in water sustainability.

TL;DR: The present paper reviews the currently available methods and emerging approaches for defluoridation of water and highlights the most promising adsorbents tested so far from each category and represented graphically.
Journal ArticleDOI

Evaluation of removal efficiency of fluoride from aqueous solutions using synthesis of nano-scale alumina on multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs): equilibrium and kinetic studies

TL;DR: In this paper, the removal of fluoride from drinking water by nano- alumina coated on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated and the impact of various parameters, such as, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial fluoride concentration was investigated in the solution.
Journal ArticleDOI

Use of bauxite from active Iranian mines for the removal of fluoride from drinking water

TL;DR: Bauxite from the Jajarm mine had the lowest adsorbency and required the shortest contact time to reach equilibrium compared with the ore from bauxite mines evaluated in another study which had greater efficiency rates in removing fluoride from drinking water.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Impact of Resource Consumption Attack on Signal-Stability based Adaptive Routing Protocol in Manet

TL;DR: It analyzed the simulation based study for impact of resource consumption attack on Signal-Stability Based Adapting (SSA) routing protocol in MANET with three different performance metrics such as End to End, routing overhead, energy consumption throughput and packet delivery ratio (PDR).
References
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Journal Article

WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality.

H G Gorchev, +1 more
- 01 Jan 1984 - 
TL;DR: In soil, fertilizers containing inorganic nitrogen and wastes containing organic nitrogen are first decomposed to give ammonia, which is then oxidized to nitrite and nitrate, which are taken up by plants and used in the synthesis of organic nitrogenous compounds.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fluoride in water: A UK perspective

TL;DR: In the UK, there appears to be no link between water fluoridation and either cancer in general or any specific cancer type, but an updated analysis of UK data on fluoridation rates has nonetheless been recommended as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Dose-effect relationship between drinking water fluoride levels and damage to liver and kidney functions in children.

TL;DR: The results suggest that drinking water fluoride levels over 2.0mg/L can cause damage to liver and kidney functions in children and that the dental fluorosis was independent of damage to the liver but not the kidney.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fluoride contamination in drinking water in rural habitations of Northern Rajasthan, India

TL;DR: There is an instant need to take ameliorative steps in this region to prevent the population from fluorosis and the groundwater of about 95 of the studied sites is unfit for drinking purposes.
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