Comparison of itraconazole and fluconazole in treatment of cryptococcal meningitis and Candida pyelonephritis in rabbits
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There was cross-resistance in vivo between these two new triazole compounds in animals by using a ketoconazole-resistant strain of Candida albicans, and both agents were equally effective in treating cryptococcal meningitis and candida pyelonephritis in animals.Abstract:Â
Itraconazole and fluconazole, two new triazoles, were examined for their antifungal activity in rabbits. Fluconazole easily crossed the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and active drug was eliminated in high concentrations in the urine. On the other hand, itraconazole did not cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in measurable amounts, and urine concentrations were variable. Despite differences in pharmacokinetics at the site of infection, both agents were equally effective in treating cryptococcal meningitis and candida pyelonephritis in animals. By using a ketoconazole-resistant strain of Candida albicans, we showed that there was cross-resistance in vivo between these two new triazole compounds.read more
Citations
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Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS--100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans.
TL;DR: Clinical concepts are presented that relate to the distinctive features of cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS and the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Cryptococcus neoformans in AIDS patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluconazole. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in superficial and systemic mycoses.
TL;DR: The promising clinical response of patients with various forms of candidiasis or cryptococcosis--together with convenient administration regimens--recommends fluconazole as a useful addition to currently available systemic antifungal therapies, in particular for the treatment of mycoses in patients with AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of Amphotericin B with Fluconazole in the Treatment of Acute AIDS-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis
Michael S. Saag,William G. Powderly,Gretchen A. Cloud,P Robinson,Michael H. Grieco,P K Sharkey,Sumner E. Thompson,Alan M. Sugar,Carmelita U. Tuazon,J F Fisher +9 more
TL;DR: Fluconazole is an effective alternative to amphotericin B as primary treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with AIDS and single-drug therapy with either drug is most effective in patients who are at low risk for treatment failure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Azole antifungal agents: emphasis on new triazoles.
TL;DR: Fluconazole and itraconazole are especially promising therapies for cryptococcal meningitis and may prove to be highly effective in urinary tract infections caused by Candida species and other fungi.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of fluconazole in humans.
TL;DR: The pharmacokinetics and tissue/fluid penetration of fluconazole have been studied in more than 400 healthy individuals and various subsets of patients, but dose modification is required in patients with renal impairment.
References
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TL;DR: Serum specimens are tested directly rather than diluting them to a narrow range of antibiotic concentrations, possible because of a procedure for calculations that recognizes the curvilinear relationship between zone sizes and antibiotic concentrations.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comparison of Amphotericin B Alone and Combined with Flucytosine in the Treatment of Cryptoccal Meningitis
John E. Bennett,William E. Dismukes,Richard J. Duma,Gerald Medoff,Merle A. Sande,Harry Gallis,John M. Leonard,Branch T. Fields,Major Bradshaw,Hubert Haywood,Zell A. McGee,Thomas R. Cate,C. Glenn Cobbs,John F. Warner,David W. Alling +14 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that combined flucytosine-amphoericin B therapy is the regimen of choice in cryptococcal meningitis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strategies in the treatment of systemic fungal infections.
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Journal Article
Chronic cryptococcal meningitis: a new experimental model in rabbits.
TL;DR: Cortisone-treated rabbits provide a new and expedient laboratory model for cryptococcal disease and potential applications include study of the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis, investigation of the immunobiology of the CNS in chronic meningitis, and in vivo evaluation of newer anticryptococcal treatment regimens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Azole resistance in Candida albicans
TL;DR: Two isolates of Candida albicans from chronic mucocutaneous candidosis patients who initially responded to ketoconazole treatment but who later relapsed, have shown an abnormal response to ketconazole in four out of five systems in vitro and in three animal models of vaginal or systemic infection.
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