Journal ArticleDOI
Complementary Feeding: A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
Carlo Agostoni,Tamás Decsi,Mary Fewtrell,Olivier Goulet,Sanja Kolaček,Berthold Koletzko,Kim F. Michaelsen,Luis A. Moreno,John W. L. Puntis,Jacques Rigo,Raanan Shamir,Hania Szajewska,Dominique Turck,JohannesB. van Goudoever +13 more
TLDR
It is prudent to avoid both early and late introduction of gluten, and to introduce gluten gradually while the infant is still breast-fed, inasmuch as this may reduce the risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and wheat allergy.Abstract:
This position paper on complementary feeding summarizes evidence for health effects of complementary foods. It focuses on healthy infants in Europe. After reviewing current knowledge and practices, we have formulated these conclusions: Exclusive or full breast-feeding for about 6 months is a desirable goal. Complementary feeding (ie, solid foods and liquids other than breast milk or infant formula and follow-on formula) should not be introduced before 17 weeks and not later than 26 weeks. There is no convincing scientific evidence that avoidance or delayed introduction of potentially allergenic foods, such as fish and eggs, reduces allergies, either in infants considered at increased risk for the development of allergy or in those not considered to be at increased risk. During the complementary feeding period, >90% of the iron requirements of a breast-fed infant must be met by complementary foods, which should provide sufficient bioavailable iron. Cow's milk is a poor source of iron and should not be used as the main drink before 12 months, although small volumes may be added to complementary foods. It is prudent to avoid both early ( or=7 months) introduction of gluten, and to introduce gluten gradually while the infant is still breast-fed, inasmuch as this may reduce the risk of celiac disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and wheat allergy. Infants and young children receiving a vegetarian diet should receive a sufficient amount ( approximately 500 mL) of breast milk or formula and dairy products. Infants and young children should not be fed a vegan diet.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk
TL;DR: Pediatricians play a critical role in their practices and communities as advocates of breastfeeding and thus should be knowledgeable about the health risks of not breastfeeding, the economic benefits to society of breastfeeding, and the techniques for managing and supporting the breastfeeding dyad.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol
TL;DR: This Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) deals with the setting of Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) for fats and it was decided not to propose a reference value beside the limitation on the intake of SFA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breast-feeding: A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
Carlo Agostoni,Christian Braegger,Tamás Decsi,Sanja Kolaček,Berthold Koletzko,Kim F. Michaelsen,Walter Mihatsch,Luis A. Moreno,John W. L. Puntis,Raanan Shamir,Hania Szajewska,Dominique Turck,Johannes B. van Goudoever +12 more
TL;DR: The health benefits of breast-feeding are delineated, reduced risk of infectious diarrhoea and acute otitis media being the best documented, and the important role of paediatricians in the implementation of health policies devised to promote breast- feeding is emphasised.
Journal ArticleDOI
Complementary Feeding: A Position Paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition.
Mary Fewtrell,Jiri Bronsky,Cristina Campoy,Magnus Domellöf,Nicholas D. Embleton,Nataša Fidler Mis,Iva Hojsak,Jessie M. Hulst,Flavia Indrio,Alexandre Lapillonne,Christian Mølgaard,Christian Mølgaard +11 more
TL;DR: All infants should receive iron-rich CF including meat products and/or iron-fortified foods and no sugar or salt should be added to CF and fruit juices or sugar-sweetened beverages should be avoided.
Australian Dietary Guidelines
TL;DR: These classroom activities, based on the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating, help explore the outcomes and subject matter in the PDHPE K-6 syllabus.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Book ChapterDOI
The optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding: a systematic review.
Michael S. Kramer,Ritsuko Kakuma +1 more
TL;DR: The data are conflicting with respect to iron status but suggest that, at least in developing-country settings, where iron stores of newborn infants may be suboptimal, exclusive breastfeeding without iron supplementation through 6 months of age may compromise hematologic status.