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Complications of Subspecialty Ophthalmic Care: Endophthalmitis after Intravitreal Injections of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Medications

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TLDR
The aim of this article is to review the incidence, clinical findings, risk factors, management, and visual outcomes in cases of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medications.
Abstract
The use of medications directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling has revolutionized the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and many other retinal diseases in the last decade. However, the rapidly increasing use of these agents has led to a rise in treatment-associated complications. One of the most feared by patients and ophthalmologists is post-injection endophthalmitis, which can result in severe vision loss and, in rare cases, loss of the eye. The aim of this article is to review the incidence, clinical findings, risk factors, management, and visual outcomes in cases of endophthalmitis following intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medications.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Intravitreal Injection--Technique and Safety.

TL;DR: The IVT injection practice protocol is described and compared with the most recent international guidelines and a summary table that shows the clinical features of true, sterile, and pseudoendophthalmitis is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI

High Glucose-induced Retinal Pericyte Apoptosis Depends on Association of GAPDH and Siah1

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that dissociation of the GAPDH/Siah1 pro-apoptotic complex can block high glucose-induced pericyte apoptosis, widely considered a hallmark feature of DR.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Ranibizumab and bevacizumab for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two-year results.

TL;DR: Ranibizumab and bevacizumAB had similar effects on visual acuity over a 2-year period and switching from monthly to as-needed treatment resulted in greater mean decrease in vision during year 2.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ranibizumab for macular edema following central retinal vein occlusion: six-month primary end point results of a phase III study.

TL;DR: Intraocular injections of 0.3 mg or 0.5 mg ranibizumab provided rapid improvement in 6-month visual acuity and macular edema following CRVO, with low rates of ocular and nonocular safety events.
Journal ArticleDOI

Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab therapy for diabetic macular edema: the 36-month results from two phase III trials: RISE and RIDE.

TL;DR: The strong VA gains and improvement in retinal anatomy achieved with ranibizumab at month 24 were sustained through month 36, and the incidence of serious adverse events potentially related to systemic vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition remained low over time.
Journal ArticleDOI

Adverse events and complications associated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents: a review of literature

TL;DR: An overview of safety data for intravitreal injection of common anti-VEGF agents is provided and encouraging results in halting the disease and improving the vision are provided.
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