Journal ArticleDOI
Condensation limited cooling in supersonic expansions
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In this paper, it was shown that there is a limit to the lowest temperature achieved, under practical conditions, set by condensation in the jet, and that a large cluster binding energy enhances the formation of clusters and they release their condensation energy into the beam.Abstract:
Supersonic expansions of pure and seeded rare gases have been investigated experimentally, measuring the translational and rotational temperatures. The lowest achievable translational temperature in the jet depends on both gas properties as well as on experimental boundary conditions like nozzle shape and nozzle–skimmer distance. We show that there is a limit to the lowest temperature achieved, under practical conditions, set by condensation in the jet. A large cluster binding energy enhances the formation of clusters and they release their condensation energy into the beam. The spatial confinement of the jet extends to long distances, and is sensitive to the shape of the nozzle. The confined jet forms a narrow cone of high intensity, and results in increased collision probability and cluster formation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Laser-induced alignment and orientation of quantum-state-selected large molecules
Lotte Holmegaard,Jens H. Nielsen,Iftach Nevo,Henrik Stapelfeldt,Frank Filsinger,Jochen Küpper,Gerard Meijer +6 more
TL;DR: An unprecedented degree of laser-induced one-dimensional alignment (cos;(2)theta_(2D)=0.97) and strong orientation of state-selected iodobenzene molecules are demonstrated, enabling experiments on pure samples of polar molecules in their rotational ground state.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules
TL;DR: A survey of the current state of the art in buffer gas beams is presented, and some of the possible future directions that these new methods might take are explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Buffer Gas Beam: An Intense, Cold, and Slow Source for Atoms and Molecules
TL;DR: A survey of the state of the art in buffer gas beams can be found in this paper, where the authors explore some of the possible future directions that these new methods might take.
Journal ArticleDOI
Invited Review Article: Laser Vaporization Cluster Sources
TL;DR: All aspects of the design of the laser vaporization cluster source are examined, discussing the relevant chemistry, physics, and mechanical aspects of experimental configurations employed by different labs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantum-state selection, alignment, and orientation of large molecules using static electric and laser fields
Frank Filsinger,Jochen Küpper,Gerard Meijer,Lotte Holmegaard,Jens H. Nielsen,Iftach Nevo,Jonas L. Hansen,Henrik Stapelfeldt +7 more
TL;DR: Unprecedented degrees of laser-induced alignment and orientation of iodobenzene molecules are demonstrated when the state-selected samples are used and provide unique possibilities for many novel experiments in chemistry and physics.
References
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Book
Atomic and Molecular Beam Methods
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of the general principles and methods for surface scattering of atoms in visible and UV spectroscopy, including a detailed discussion of the basic principles of surface scattering.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cluster Formation in Expanding Supersonic Jets: Effect of Pressure, Temperature, Nozzle Size, and Test Gas
O. F. Hagena,W. Obert +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a retarding potential system to get the mass-to-charge distribution of the cluster ions and measured the size of the clusters with a through-flow ionization detector.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cooling of large molecules below 1 K and He clusters formation
TL;DR: In this article, the design details of a high-pressure pulsed valve that generates intense supersonic jets are presented. But they do not describe the design of the valve itself, nor its operation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spectroscopy of atoms and molecules in liquid helium
J. P. Toennies,Andrey F. Vilesov +1 more
TL;DR: Within the past three years, a wide variety of molecules, ranging from OCS to large organic molecules such as amino acids and a number of van der Waals complexes and even large metal clusters, have been embedded in He droplets and studied either in infrared or in the visible region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Helium nanodroplet isolation rovibrational spectroscopy: Methods and recent results
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent developments in helium nanodroplet isolation (HENDI) spectroscopy is presented, with an emphasis on the infrared region of the spectrum.