Book ChapterDOI
Crowding: Determinants and Effects
TLDR
In this article, the determinants and effects of crowding are discussed, and the impact of potential interference on individual cognitive strategies and group-based solutions in achieving this is analyzed.Abstract:
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses determinants and effects of crowding. Analysis of crowding investigates two questions: that is, determinants of crowding and the consequences of crowding. Examination of the difficulties associated with the density model indicated that a narrow definition of crowding in terms of density is inadequate. Both input and output approaches to crowding have recognized that crowding is a subjective state with multiple antecedent factors. To restore the amount and rate of stimulus input to more acceptable levels, the individual uses various coping responses, including perceptual and cognitive filtering, adjustment of personal space, and marking of territory. To minimize the impact of potential interference the individual (or group) utilizes differing strategies, and the interference approach emphasizes individual cognitive strategies and group-based solutions in achieving this. These approaches recognize that crowding stress depends not only on interpersonal processes, but also on individual and cultural expectations. In addition, it is clear that the rapidly developing body of crowding research and theoretical analyses represent an increasingly firm basis for understanding the determinants and effects of crowding. The test of this analysis of crowding will be the extent to which it contributes to future theoretical development and empirical research in crowding.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Perceived Retail Crowding and Shopping Satisfaction: What Modifies This Relationship?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the relationship between perceived crowding and shopping satisfaction in a retail store and found that the relationship is mediated by emotional reactions that are experienced while shopping.
Journal Article
Perceived retail crowding and shopping satisfaction: The role of shopping values
TL;DR: In this paper, two studies were conducted to examine whether shopping values are affected by perceived retail crowding, and whether the shopping values mediate the relationship between perceived retail crowds and shopping satisfaction, and the results showed that when these mediating variables are accounted for, human crowding positively affects shopping satisfaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceived retail crowding and shopping satisfaction: the role of shopping values
TL;DR: In this paper, two studies were conducted to examine whether shopping values are affected by perceived retail crowding, and whether the shopping values mediate the relationship between perceived retail crowds and shopping satisfaction, and the results showed that when these mediating variables are accounted for, human crowding positively affects shopping satisfaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human versus spatial dimensions of crowding perceptions in retail environments: A note on their measurement and effect on shopper satisfaction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a series of lab and field studies that examine the dimensionality of the perceived retail crowding construct and its relationship to store satisfaction, and two alternative crowding measures are tested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative analysis of crowding in multiple locations: Results from fifteen years of research
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used comparative analysis of aggregate data to explore questions that single studies cannot answer and found that crowding varies by time, resource availability, accessibility and convenience, and management strategy.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
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TL;DR: In this paper, Neuberg and Heine discuss the notion of belonging, acceptance, belonging, and belonging in the social world, and discuss the relationship between friendship, membership, status, power, and subordination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence.
TL;DR: Reading motivation reconsidered the concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as a way to develop your experiences about everything.
Book
Motivation Reconsidered: The Concept of Competence
TL;DR: The concept of competence is also a way as one of the collective books that gives many advantages as discussed by the authors, and the advantages are not only for you, but for the other peoples with those meaningful benefits.