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Cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation: Current concepts and challenges
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TLDR
The author reviews the current state and the future perspectives of prevention and treatment of CMV disease after liver transplantation and concludes that optimized strategies for prevention and novel drugs with unique modes of action are needed.Abstract:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV ) 是影响肝移植的结果的普通病毒的病原体。除了 CMV 症候群和织物侵略的疾病的直接效果, CMV 与增加的倾向被联系到尖锐、长期的紧密相联的接枝拒绝,加速的丙肝复发,和另外的机会主义的感染,以及减少了全面耐心、紧密相联的接枝幸存。为 CMV 疾病的风险因素经常被互连,并且包括 CMV D+/R- serostatus,尖锐拒绝,女性,年龄,高剂量的 mycophenolate mofetil 和泼尼松的使用,和免疫的全面的州。除了 CMV 特定的 CD4+ 和 CD8+ T 淋巴细胞的角色,有数据建议天生的免疫系统的功能贡献 CMV 疾病致病。在一研究,有在作为像使用费的受体知道的天生的有免疫力的分子的特定的多型性的肝 transplant 接受者是更可能的开发 CMV 复制和临床的疾病的高水平。因为 CMV 疾病的直接、间接的不利效果,它的预防,是否通过抗病毒的预防或抢先式的治疗,是在改进肝移植的结果的一个必要部件。在 transplant 中心的多数,抗病毒的预防是在为在肝的 CMV-seronegative 接受者的 CMV 疾病的预防的抢先式的治疗上的比较喜欢的策略从 CMV-seropositive 施主(D+/R-) 的紧密相联的接枝。然而,抗病毒的预防的主要缺点是延期发作的出现主要 CMV 疾病。在几未来、回顾的研究,延期发作的发生主要 CMV 疾病从 16% ~ 47% CMV D+/R- 肝 transplant 接受者。当前的数据建议那延期发作 CMV 疾病在肝移植以后与增加的死亡被联系。因此,为预防优化了策略,有行动的唯一的模式的新奇的药被需要。当前,当对在肝的主要 CMV 疾病的预防移植接受者,使随机化的控制临床的试用正在被执行比较 maribavir,新奇苯并咪唑核糖甙,和口头的 ganciclovir 的功效和安全。CMV 疾病的处理由主要组成静脉内(IV ) ganciclovir,并且如果可行,在免疫力的抑制的度的减小。最近的控制临床的试用�read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cytomegalovirus infections in solid organ transplantation: a review.
TL;DR: An overview of the contemporary epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CMV infection in solid organ transplant recipients is provided.
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Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Listeriosis in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients: A Matched Case-Control Study
Núria Fernández-Sabé,Carlos Cervera,Francisco López-Medrano,Miguel Llano,Elena Saez,Oscar Len,J. Fortún,Marino Blanes,Rosa Laporta,Julián Torre-Cisneros,Joan Gavaldà,Patricia Muñoz,M. Carmen Fariñas,José María Aguado,Asunción Moreno,Jordi Carratalà +15 more
TL;DR: Diabetes mellitus, cytomegalovirus infection or disease, and receipt of high-dose steroids are independent risk factors for this infection, whereas TMP-SMZ prophylaxis is a protective factor.
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The impact of infection and tissue damage in solid-organ transplantation.
TL;DR: These triggers of innate and adaptive immunity are reviewed, and emerging paradigms of the many ways in which infections and tissue damage might directly or indirectly affect alloreactivity and the outcome of transplanted allografts are discussed.
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Critical care issues in patients after liver transplantation.
Raymund R. Razonable,James Y. Findlay,Aisling O'Riordan,S. Gordon Burroughs,R. Mark Ghobrial,Banwari Agarwal,Andrew Davenport,Michael A. Gropper +7 more
TL;DR: In this review, 4 topics that are particularly relevant to the postoperative intensive care of LT recipients are discussed, with an emphasis on current knowledge specific to this patient group.
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Biliary complications after liver transplantation.
TL;DR: A systematic overview of 1720 papers since 2008 found Nemes–Doros score is a useful tool in the estimation of hepatic artery thrombosis and mapping of miRNA profile is a new field of research.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Definitions of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Disease in Transplant Recipients
TL;DR: This study seeks to update the definitions of CMV on the basis of recent developments in diagnostic techniques, as well as to add to these definitions the concept of indirect effects caused by CMV.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy and safety of valganciclovir vs. oral ganciclovir for prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients.
Carlos V. Paya,Atul Humar,Ed Dominguez,Kenneth Washburn,Emily A. Blumberg,Barbara D. Alexander,Richard B. Freeman,Nigel Heaton,Mark D. Pescovitz +8 more
TL;DR: Once‐daily oral valganciclovir was as clinically effective and well‐tolerated as oral ganciclovIR tid for CMV prevention in high‐risk SOT recipients and the safety profile was similar for both drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of viral-load kinetics to identify patients who develop cytomegalovirus disease after transplantation
Vincent C. Emery,Caroline A. Sabin,Alethea Cope,Dehila Gor,Aycan F. Hassan-Walker,Paul D. Griffiths +5 more
TL;DR: CMV load in the initial phase of active infection and the rate of increase in viral load both correlate withCMV disease in transplant recipients; in combination, they have the potential to identify patients at imminent risk of CMV disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Randomised trial of efficacy and safety of oral ganciclovir in the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in liver-transplant recipients
Edward Gane,Faouzi Saliba,Garcia Jc Valdecasas,John O'Grady,Mark D. Pescovitz,Susan Lyman,Charles A. Robinson +6 more
TL;DR: Oral ganciclovir is a safe and effective method for the prevention of CMV disease after orthotopic liver transplantation and also reduced symptomatic herpes-simplex infections.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis: the efficacy of strategies to prevent organ disease by cytomegalovirus in solid organ transplant recipients.
TL;DR: This meta-analysis summarizes 17 randomized trials of antiviral therapy for recipients of liver and kidney allografts and concludes that universal prophylaxis for all high-risk patients and preemptive treatment for patients who had the virus detected during periodic monitoring reduced cytomegalovirus organ disease and allografted rejection more than did no treatment or placebo.
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