Diffusion NMR spectroscopy.
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TLDR
DW‐MRS has been used to estimate the dimensions of the cellular elements that restrict intracellular metabolite diffusion in muscle and nerve tissue and can provide novel information on the cellular response to pathophysiological changes in relation to a range of disorders.Abstract:
MR offers unique tools for measuring molecular diffusion. This review focuses on the use of diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy (DW-MRS) to non-invasively quantitate the translational displacement of endogenous metabolites in intact mammalian tissues. Most of the metabolites that are observed by in vivo MRS are predominantly located in the intracellular compartment. DW-MRS is of fundamental interest because it enables one to probe the in situ status of the intracellular space from the diffusion characteristics of the metabolites, while at the same time providing information on the intrinsic diffusion properties of the metabolites themselves. Alternative techniques require the introduction of exogenous probe molecules, which involves invasive procedures, and are also unable to measure molecular diffusion in and throughout intact tissues. The length scale of the process(es) probed by MR is in the micrometer range which is of the same order as the dimensions of many intracellular entities. DW-MRS has been used to estimate the dimensions of the cellular elements that restrict intracellular metabolite diffusion in muscle and nerve tissue. In addition, it has been shown that DW-MRS can provide novel information on the cellular response to pathophysiological changes in relation to a range of disorders, including ischemia and excitotoxicity of the brain and cancer.read more
Citations
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Book
NMR Studies of Translational Motion
TL;DR: A detailed discussion of magnetic field gradient methods applied to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is included, alongside extensive referencing throughout, providing a timely, definitive book to the subject, ideal for researchers in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology.
Journal ArticleDOI
High b-value q-space analyzed diffusion-weighted MRS and MRI in neuronal tissues - a technical review.
TL;DR: In this article, the utility of analyzing high b-value diffusion MRS and MRI data using the q-space approach introduced by Callaghan and by Cory and Garroway is examined.
Book ChapterDOI
The Biological Basis of Diffusion Anisotropy
TL;DR: The purpose of this chapter is to characterize the relationship of nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of water diffusion and its anisotropy (i.e. directional dependence) with the underlying microstructure of neural fibers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cognitive research
Amy J. Ross,Perminder S. Sachdev +1 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that MRS has potential applications for the study of cognitive processes in health and disease and may be used clinically for differential diagnosis, the early detection of pathology and the examination of longitudinal change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aggregation and disaggregation of humic supramolecular assemblies by NMR diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY-NMR).
TL;DR: The results indicated that DOSY-NMR spectroscopy is a useful technique to evaluate components of different molecular size in natural humic superstructures.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spin diffusion measurements : spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient
E. O. Stejskal,J. E. Tanner +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a derivation of the effect of a time-dependent magnetic field gradient on the spin-echo experiment, particularly in the presence of spin diffusion, is given.
Journal ArticleDOI
MR diffusion tensor spectroscopy and imaging.
TL;DR: Once Deff is estimated from a series of NMR pulsed-gradient, spin-echo experiments, a tissue's three orthotropic axes can be determined and the effective diffusivities along these orthotropic directions are the eigenvalues of Deff.
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Extracellular space structure revealed by diffusion analysis
Charles Nicholson,Eva Syková +1 more
TL;DR: Data support the feasibility of extrasynaptic or volume transmission in the extracellular space by measuring the volume fraction and tortuosity, a measure of hindrance of cellular obstructions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ion diffusion modified by tortuosity and volume fraction in the extracellular microenvironment of the rat cerebellum.
Charles Nicholson,J.M. Phillips +1 more
TL;DR: The conclusions confirm that the laws of macroscopic diffusion are closely obeyed in the cerebellum for small ions in the extracellular space, provided that volume fraction and tortuosity are explicitly taken into account.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance as a tool for studying translational diffusion, part 1: basic theory
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the physical basis of the echo attenuation of a Hahn spin-echo pulse sequence containing a magnetic field gradient pulse in each τ period to measure the displacement of the observed spins.
Related Papers (5)
Spin diffusion measurements : spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient
E. O. Stejskal,J. E. Tanner +1 more