Journal ArticleDOI
Dissimilar welding of austenitic and ferritic steels using nickel and stainless-steel filler: Associated issues
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In this article , the microstructure development and mechanical behavior of dissimilar metal welds between ferritic and austenitic steel, as well as their application in nuclear power plants, are discussed.Abstract:
The microstructure development and mechanical behaviour of dissimilar metal welds between ferritic and austenitic steel, as well as their application in nuclear power plants, are discussed in this review paper. Nuclear reactor components, such as steam generators and pressure vessels, consist primarily of SA508 due to their low cost and high operating temperatures and pressures. The welding of dissimilar metals is crucial due to variations in physical characteristics such as thermal conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient, mechanical properties and chemical compositions. The principal challenges of dissimilar ferritic and austenitic steel welding are the subject of this review work. Weldability issues include a sharp change in mechanical and metallurgical characterization across the fusion line, carbon migration, cyclic thermal stresses and residual stresses, which necessitate a thorough investigation of the welded joint. Generally, austenitic steel and nickel-based fillers are used to join austenitic and ferritic steel materials; however, owing to many weldability concerns, nickel-based consumables are replacing austenitic consumables. Another critical issue in the weld joint is the selection of appropriate welding consumables, and detailed explanations of the benefits of employing a buttering layer on the ferritic side are provided. The effect of heat treatment on the metallurgical and mechanical characteristics of the weld joint, as well as the formation of residual stress, has also been thoroughly explored.read more
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Modeling of physicochemical and thermophysical characteristics of SrO-CaO-Al2O3-CaF2-based shielded metal arc welding coating
TL;DR: In this article , the Al2O3-CaF2-CaO-SrO based shielded metal arc welding electrodes were developed using the extreme vertices design technique.
References
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Patients’ Responsibilities in Medical Ethics
TL;DR: It is argued that certain duties of patients counterbalance an otherwise unfair captivity of doctors as helpers and that vulnerability does not exclude obligation.
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Materials Challenges in Nuclear Energy
Steven J. Zinkle,Gary S. Was +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the three major materials challenges for the current and next generation of water-cooled fission reactors are centered on two structural materials aging degradation issues (corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of structural materials and neutron-induced embrittlement of reactor pressure vessels), along with improved fuel system reliability and accident tolerance issues.
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Elevated temperature ferritic and martensitic steels and their application to future nuclear reactors
TL;DR: In the 1970s, high chromium (9-12%Cr) ferritic/martensitic steels became candidates for elevated temperature applications in the core of fast reactors.
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Joining of dissimilar materials
TL;DR: Current and emerging joining technologies are reviewed according to the mechanisms of joint formation, i.e.; mechanical, chemical, thermal, or hybrid processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Delta phase precipitation in Inconel 718
TL;DR: In this article, precipitation and dissolution kinetics of the δ-phase were studied in three wrought versions and one spray-formed (SF) version of the nickel alloy, Inconel 718.