Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of Residual Autocorrelations in Autoregressive-Integrated Moving Average Time Series Models
George E. P. Box,David A. Pierce +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, it is shown that the residual autocorrelations are to a close approximation representable as a singular linear transformation of the auto-correlations of the errors so that they possess a singular normal distribution.Abstract:
Many statistical models, and in particular autoregressive-moving average time series models, can be regarded as means of transforming the data to white noise, that is, to an uncorrelated sequence of errors. If the parameters are known exactly, this random sequence can be computed directly from the observations; when this calculation is made with estimates substituted for the true parameter values, the resulting sequence is referred to as the "residuals," which can be regarded as estimates of the errors. If the appropriate model has been chosen, there will be zero autocorrelation in the errors. In checking adequacy of fit it is therefore logical to study the sample autocorrelation function of the residuals. For large samples the residuals from a correctly fitted model resemble very closely the true errors of the process; however, care is needed in interpreting the serial correlations of the residuals. It is shown here that the residual autocorrelations are to a close approximation representable as a singular linear transformation of the autocorrelations of the errors so that they possess a singular normal distribution. Failing to allow for this results in a tendency to overlook evidence of lack of fit. Tests of fit and diagnostic checks are devised which take these facts into account.read more
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Stability of profits and earnings management in the transport sector of Visegrad countries
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References
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Time series analysis, forecasting and control
TL;DR: In this article, a complete revision of a classic, seminal, and authoritative book that has been the model for most books on the topic written since 1970 is presented, focusing on practical techniques throughout, rather than a rigorous mathematical treatment of the subject.
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Journal ArticleDOI
On a Method of Investigating Periodicities in Disturbed Series, with Special Reference to Wolfer's Sunspot Numbers
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