Journal ArticleDOI
Ecotoxicological effects of microplastics on biota: a review.
Sadasivam Anbumani,Poonam Kakkar +1 more
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TLDR
The present review focused on the ecological impact of microplastics on biota at different trophic levels, its uptake, accumulation, and excretion etc., and its plausible mechanistic toxicity with risk assessment approaches.Abstract:
The ubiquitous presence of microplastics in the environment has drawn the attention of ecotoxicologists on its safety and toxicity. Sources of microplastics in the environment include disintegration of larger plastic items (secondary microplastics), personal care products like liquid soap, exfoliating scrubbers, and cleaning supplies etc. Indiscriminate usage of plastics and its poor waste disposal management pose serious concern on ecosystem quality at global level. The present review focused on the ecological impact of microplastics on biota at different trophic levels, its uptake, accumulation, and excretion etc., and its plausible mechanistic toxicity with risk assessment approaches. Existing scientific evidence shows that microplastics exposure triggers a wide variety of toxic insult from feeding disruption to reproductive performance, physical ingestion, disturbances in energy metabolism, changes in liver physiology, synergistic and/ or antagonistic action of other hydrophobic organic contaminants etc. from lower to higher trophics. Thus, microplastic accumulation and its associated adverse effects make it mandatory to go in for risk assessment and legislative action. Subsequent research priorities, agenda, and key issues to be addressed are also acknowledged in the present review.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental exposure to microplastics: An overview on possible human health effects
TL;DR: The evidence for potential negative effects of microplastics in the human body is reviewed, focusing on pathways of exposure and toxicity, with a focus on particle toxicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?
TL;DR: A critical perspective on published studies of MP ingestion by aquatic biota is provided and there are significant mismatches between the types of MP most commonly found in the environment or reported in field studies and those used in laboratory experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19 pandemic repercussions on the use and management of plastics.
TL;DR: There is a need to assess alternatives that allow reductions of PPE and reinforce awareness on the proper public use and disposal, and assessment of contamination and impacts of plastics driven by the pandemic will be required once the outbreak ends.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics in soils: Analytical methods, pollution characteristics and ecological risks
TL;DR: In this article, a review focused on recent progress in analytical methods, pollution characteristics and ecological effects of microplastics in soils is presented, which shows that microplastic can influence soil biota at different trophic levels, and even threaten human health through food chains.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics in the aquatic environment: Evidence for or against adverse impacts and major knowledge gaps.
TL;DR: There is an urgent need for studies that address a mismatch between the particle types, size ranges, and concentrations of microplastics used in laboratory tests and those measured in the environment to support the introduction of regulatory controls that can make a real positive difference to environmental quality.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?
Richard C. Thompson,Ylva S. Olsen,Richard P. Mitchell,Anthony Davis,Steven J. Rowland,Anthony W. G. John,Daniel F. McGonigle,Andrea E. Russell +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that microscopic plastic fragments and fibers are also widespread in the marine environment and may persist for centuries.
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Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments.
TL;DR: Global plastics production and the accumulation of plastic waste are documented, showing that trends in mega- and macro-plastic accumulation rates are no longer uniformly increasing and that the average size of plastic particles in the environment seems to be decreasing.
Journal ArticleDOI
The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review.
TL;DR: The deleterious effects of plastic debris on the marine environment were reviewed by bringing together most of the literature published so far on the topic, and a variety of approaches are urgently required to mitigate the problem.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accumulation of Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks
Mark Anthony Browne,Mark Anthony Browne,Mark Anthony Browne,Phillip Crump,S. J. Niven,Emma L. Teuten,Andrew Tonkin,Tamara S. Galloway,Richard C. Thompson +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that microplastic contaminates the shorelines at 18 sites worldwide representing six continents from the poles to the equator, with more material in densely populated areas, but no clear relationship between the abundance of miocroplastics and the mean size-distribution of natural particulates.
Journal ArticleDOI
The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review.
TL;DR: This review focuses on marine invertebrates and their susceptibility to the physical impacts of microplastic uptake and an assessment of the relative susceptibility of different feeding guilds.