Effects of beta-glucans on the immune system.
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β -Glucan as adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated the positive role in the restoration of hematopiesis following by bone marrow injury and Antiangiogenesis can be one of the pathways through which β -glucans can reduce tumor proliferation, prevent tumor metastasis.Abstract:
Summary. β -Glucans are naturally occurring polysaccharides. These glucose polymers are constituents of the cell wall of certain pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The healing and immunostimulating properties of mushrooms have been known for thousands of years in the Eastern countries. These mushrooms contain biologically active polysaccharides that mostly belong to group of β -glucans. These substances increase host immune defense by activating complement system, enhancing macrophages and natural killer cell function. The induction of cellular responses by mushroom and other β -glucans is likely to involve their specific interaction with several cell surface receptors, as complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18), lactosylceramide, selected scavenger receptors, and dectin-1 ( β GR). β -Glucans also show anticarcinogenic activity. They can prevent oncogenesis due to the protective effect against potent genotoxic carcinogens. As immunostimulating agent, which acts through the activation of macrophages and NK cell cytotoxicity, β -glucan can inhibit tumor growth in promotion stage too. Antiangiogenesis can be one of the pathways through which β -glucans can reduce tumor proliferation, prevent tumor metastasis. β -Glucan as adjuvant to cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy demonstrated the positive role in the restoration of hematopiesis following by bone marrow injury. Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies is a novel strategy of cancer treatment. These antibodies activate complement system and opsonize tumor cells with iC3b fragment. In contrast to microorganisms, tumor cells, as well as other host cells, lack β -glucan as a surface component and cannot trigger complement receptor 3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and initiate tumor-killing activity. This mechanism could be induced in the presence of β -glucans.read more
Citations
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References
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Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides.
TL;DR: The present review analyzes the pecularities of polysaccharides derived from fruiting bodies and cultured mycelium in selected examples of medicinal mushrooms and concludes that high molecular weight glucans appear to be more effective than those of low molecular weight.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer
Gregory P. Adams,Louis M. Weiner +1 more
TL;DR: The most significant recent advances in the application of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to oncology have been the introduction and approval of bevacizumab (Avastin), an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, and of cetuximab (Erbitux) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dectin-1 Is A Major β-Glucan Receptor On Macrophages
Gordon D. Brown,Philip R. Taylor,Delyth M. Reid,Janet A. Willment,David L. Williams,Luisa Martinez-Pomares,Simon Y. C. Wong,Siamon Gordon +7 more
TL;DR: Dectin-1 is defined as the leukocyte β-glucan receptor, first described over 50 years ago, and resolves the long-standing controversy regarding the identity of this important molecule, which is identified as a new target for examining the immunomodulatory properties of β- glucans for therapeutic drug design.
Journal Article
Monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer.
TL;DR: The anti-HER2/neu antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin), in combination with standard adjuvant chemotherapy, has been shown to reduce relapses and prolong disease-free and overall survival in high-risk patients after definitive local therapy for breast cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
The beta-glucan receptor, dectin-1, is predominantly expressed on the surface of cells of the monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil lineages.
Philip R. Taylor,Gordon D. Brown,Delyth M. Reid,Janet A. Willment,Luisa Martinez-Pomares,Siamon Gordon,Simon Y. C. Wong +6 more
TL;DR: Using a novel mAb raised against dectin-1, it is shown that the receptor is not dendritic cell-restricted as first reported, but is broadly expressed, with highest surface expression on populations of myeloid cells (monocyte/macrophage and neutrophil lineages).
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