Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on a marine ecosystem engineer (Arenicola marina) and sediment nutrient cycling
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TLDR
Overall, both conventional and biodegradable microplastics in sandy sediments can affect the health and behaviour of lugworms and directly or indirectly reduce primary productivity of these habitats.About:
This article is published in Environmental Pollution.The article was published on 2016-01-01. It has received 273 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Microplastics & Arenicola.read more
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Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions
TL;DR: The sources and global distribution of microplastics in the environment, the fate and impact on marine biota, especially the food chain are described and the control measures discussed are those mapped out by both national and international environmental organizations for combating the impact from microplastic pollution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem
TL;DR: The concept of microplastic as a complex, dynamic mixture of polymers and additives, to which organic material and contaminants can successively bind to form an ‘ecocorona’, increasing the density and surface charge of particles and changing their bioavailability and toxicity is developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of the effects of microplastics on aquatic organisms: What do we know and where should we focus our efforts in the future?
TL;DR: A critical perspective on published studies of MP ingestion by aquatic biota is provided and there are significant mismatches between the types of MP most commonly found in the environment or reported in field studies and those used in laboratory experiments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: From emerging pollutants to emerged threat
TL;DR: Investigations on temporal trends, geographical distribution and global cycle of plastics have management implications when defining the origin, possible drifting tracks and ecological consequences of such pollution, and the fate and impact of microplastics in the marine environment are still far to be fully clarified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sampling, isolating and identifying microplastics ingested by fish and invertebrates
TL;DR: A suite of methods for extracting microplastics ingested by biota, including dissection, depuration, digestion and density separation are evaluated, and the urgent need for the standardisation of protocols is discussed to promote consistency in data collection and analysis is discussed.
References
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R: A language and environment for statistical computing.
TL;DR: Copyright (©) 1999–2012 R Foundation for Statistical Computing; permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and permission notice are preserved on all copies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous inference in general parametric models.
TL;DR: This paper describes simultaneous inference procedures in general parametric models, where the experimental questions are specified through a linear combination of elemental model parameters, and extends the canonical theory of multiple comparison procedures in ANOVA models to linear regression problems, generalizedlinear models, linear mixed effects models, the Cox model, robust linear models, etc.
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An R Companion to Applied Regression
Sanford Weisberg,John Fox +1 more
TL;DR: This tutorial jumps right in to the power of R without dragging you through the basic concepts of the programming language.
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Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jenna Jambeck,Roland Geyer,Chris Wilcox,Theodore R. Siegler,Miriam E. Perryman,Anthony L. Andrady,Ramani Narayan,Kara Lavender Law +7 more
TL;DR: This work combines available data on solid waste with a model that uses population density and economic status to estimate the amount of land-based plastic waste entering the ocean, which is estimated to be 275 million metric tons.