Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Rainfall, Vegetation, and Microtopography on Infiltration and Runoff
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In this paper, the authors analyzed the relationship between infiltration, rainfall intensity, and runoff on the basis of sprinkling-infiltrometer measurements and a mathematical model, and found that the apparent infiltration rate depends on hillslope length.Abstract:
Apparent, or effective, infiltration rates on grassland hillslopes vary with rainfall intensity and flow depth because of the interaction between rainfall, runoff, and vegetated microtopography. The higher parts of the microtopography are occupied by greater densities of macropores and therefore have much greater hydraulic conductivities than the intervening microdepressions. On short hillslopes and plots the apparent infiltration rate is simply the spatial average of the saturated and unsaturated conductivities of this surface. The proportion of the surface which is saturated and the value to which the unsaturated conductivity is raised depends on the rainfall intensity. On longer hillslopes the downslope increase in flow depth in microtopographic depressions progressively inundates more permeable, vegetated mounds so that the hydraulic conductivity of a greater proportion of the surface is raised to its saturated value. For this reason the apparent infiltration rate increases downslope, even in the absence of spatial trends in any of the surface characteristics that affect infiltration. Apparent, or effective, infiltration rate depends on hillslope length. Consequently, steady state discharge does not increase linearly with distance downslope. These two fundamental relationships between infiltration, rainfall intensity, and runoff are analyzed on the basis of sprinkling-infiltrometer measurements and a mathematical model.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Precipitation pulses and carbon fluxes in semiarid and arid ecosystems
Travis E. Huxman,Keirith A. Snyder,David T. Tissue,A. Joshua Leffler,Kiona Ogle,William T. Pockman,Darren R. Sandquist,Daniel Potts,Susan Schwinning +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that pulse size regulates C balance by determining the temporal duration of activity for different components of the biota, and a greater understanding of the complexities of these eco-hydrologic systems may enhance the ability to describe the ecology of desert ecosystems and their sensitivity to global change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vegetation patches and runoff–erosion as interacting ecohydrological processes in semiarid landscapes
TL;DR: In this paper, the trigger-transfer-reserve-pulse framework was used to evaluate how strongly four eco-hydrological interactions apply across other patchy semi-arid vegetations, and how these interactions are affected by disturbances.
MonographDOI
Estimating groundwater recharge
TL;DR: In this article, a critical evaluation of the theory and assumptions that underlie methods for estimating rates of groundwater recharge is provided, with detailed explanations of the methods provided - allowing readers to apply many of the techniques themselves without needing to consult additional references.
Journal ArticleDOI
Process, form and change in dryland rivers: a review of recent research
Stephen Tooth,Stephen Tooth +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the state of the art in dryland fluvial research is presented, highlighting the need for a global review assessing the present state of knowledge.
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The domestic garden – Its contribution to urban green infrastructure
Ross Cameron,Tijana Blanusa,Tijana Blanusa,Jane E. Taylor,Andrew Salisbury,Andrew J. Halstead,B. Henricot,Ken Thompson +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of existing information pertaining to gardening and gardening per se, identifying where they may have a unique role to play and to highlight where further research is warranted.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Macropores and water flow in soils
Keith Beven,Peter F. Germann +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the importance of large continuous openings (macropores) on water flow in soils is discussed and the limitations of models that treat macropores and matrix porosity as separate flow domains are stressed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial variability of field-measured soil-water properties
TL;DR: In this article, hydraulic conductivity was measured as a function of soil-water content at 30.5 cm depth intervals to a depth of 182.9 cm in twenty 6.5 meters square plots randomly established over a 150-hectare field.
Journal ArticleDOI
A parameter‐efficient hydrologic infiltration model
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors derived a two-branched model for ponding time and infiltration rate decay for arbitrary rainfall rates, and compared the two models with a precise numerical solution of the unsaturated soil water diffusion equations for three soils that represent a range of soil behaviors near saturation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial variability of infiltration in a watershed
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a two-parameter equation I = St12 + At, where I is cumulative infiltration; t is time; and S and A are the two parameters.
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