Journal ArticleDOI
Extensive sorption of organic compounds to black carbon, coal, and kerogen in sediments and soils: mechanisms and consequences for distribution, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation
Gerard Cornelissen,Örjan Gustafsson,Thomas D. Bucheli,Michiel T. O. Jonker,and Albert A. Koelmans,Paul C.M. van Noort +5 more
TLDR
It is advocated that the use of generic organic carbon-water distribution coefficients in the risk assessment of organic compounds is not warranted and that bioremediation endpoints could be evaluated on the basis of freely dissolved concentrations instead of total concentrations in sediment/soil.Abstract:
Evidence is accumulating that sorption of organic chemicals to soils and sediments can be described by “dual-mode sorption”: absorption in amorphous organic matter (AOM) and adsorption to carbonaceous materials such as black carbon (BC), coal, and kerogen, collectively termed “carbonaceous geosorbents” (CG). Median BC contents as a fraction of total organic carbon are 9% for sediments (number of sediments, n ≈ 300) and 4% for soils (n = 90). Adsorption of organic compounds to CG is nonlinear and generally exceeds absorption in AOM by a factor of 10−100. Sorption to CG is particularly extensive for organic compounds that can attain a more planar molecular configuration. The CG adsorption domain probably consists of surface sites and nanopores. In this review it is shown that nonlinear sorption to CG can completely dominate total sorption at low aqueous concentrations (<10-6 of maximum solid solubility). Therefore, the presence of CG can explain (i) sorption to soils and sediments being up to 2 orders of m...read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biochar effects on soil biota – A review
Johannes Lehmann,Matthias C. Rillig,Janice E. Thies,Caroline A. Masiello,William C. Hockaday,David E. Crowley +5 more
TL;DR: A review of the literature reveals a significant number of early studies on biochar-type materials as soil amendments either for managing pathogens, as inoculant carriers or for manipulative experiments to sorb signaling compounds or toxins as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence, behavior and effects of nanoparticles in the environment.
Bernd Nowack,Thomas D. Bucheli +1 more
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of the classes of NP relevant to the environment and summarizes their formation, emission, occurrence and fate in the environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transitional Adsorption and Partition of Nonpolar and Polar Aromatic Contaminants by Biochars of Pine Needles with Different Pyrolytic Temperatures
TL;DR: Biochars, produced by pyrolysis of pine needles at different temperatures, were characterized by elemental analysis, BET-N2 surface areas and FTIR, and Sorption isotherms of naphthalene, nitrobenzene, and m-dinitrobenZene from water to the biochars were compared.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of biochars’ potential role in the remediation, revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils
Luke Beesley,Eduardo Moreno-Jiménez,Jose L. Gomez-Eyles,Eva Harris,Brett Robinson,Tom Sizmur +5 more
TL;DR: Specific mechanisms of contaminant-biochar retention and release over time and the environmental impact of biochar amendments on soil organisms remain somewhat unclear but must be investigated to ensure that the management of environmental pollution coincides with ecological sustainability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Positive and negative carbon mineralization priming effects among a variety of biochar-amended soils.
TL;DR: In an effort to better understand the interaction of pyrogenic C and soil organic matter (OM), a range of Florida soils were incubated with a variety of laboratory-produced biochars and CO 2 evolution was measured over more than one year as discussed by the authors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of Slow Sorption of Organic Chemicals to Natural Particles
TL;DR: The use of equilibrium expressions for sorption to natural particles in fate and transport models is often invalid due to slow kinetics and diffusion limitations appear to play a major role.
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Biomass burning — a review of organic tracers for smoke from incomplete combustion
TL;DR: In this paper, a brief review of the organic matter composition in aerosols derived from the major sources is also given, with emphasis on the detection of biomass burning components, and a long range transport of smoke particulate matter with the associated organic compounds is also discussed.
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Aging, bioavailability, and overestimation of risk from environmental pollutants
TL;DR: As they persist, or age, in soil, organic compounds become progressively less available for uptake by organisms, for exerting toxic effects, and for biodegradation and bioremediation by microorganisms.
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Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmospheric particles
Bernd R.T. Simoneit,Bernd R.T. Simoneit,James J. Schauer,Christopher G. Nolte,Daniel R. Oros,Vladimir O. Elias,Matthew P. Fraser,Wolfgang F. Rogge,Glen R. Cass +8 more
TL;DR: The major organic components of smoke particles from biomass burning are monosaccharide derivatives from the breakdown of cellulose, accompanied by generally lesser amounts of straight-chain, aliphatic and oxygenated compounds and terpenoids from vegetation waxes, resins/gums, and other biopolymers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Black carbon in soils and sediments: Analysis, distribution, implications, and current challenges
TL;DR: The ubiquity of black carbon (BC) produced by incomplete combustion of plant material and fossil fuels in peats, soils, and lacustrine and marine sediments is discussed in this article.