Journal ArticleDOI
Fault zone architecture and its scaling laws: where does the damage zone start and stop?
Anita Torabi,Tor Saltnes Skram Ellingsen,M. U. Johannessen,Behzad Alaei,Atle Rotevatn,Domenico Chiarella +5 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors investigated damage zones of different fault types in siliciclastics (Utah, USA), carbonates (Majella Mountain, Italy) and metamorphic rocks (western Norway).Abstract:
Abstract Damage zones of different fault types are investigated in siliciclastics (Utah, USA), carbonates (Majella Mountain, Italy) and metamorphic rocks (western Norway). The study was conducted taking measurements of deformation features such as fractures and deformation bands on multiple 1D scanlines along fault walls. The resulting datasets are used to plot the frequency distribution of deformation features and to constrain the geometrical width of the damage zone for the studied faults. The damage-zone width of a single fault is constrained by identifying the changes in the slope of cumulative plots made on the frequency data. The cumulative plot further shows high deformation frequency by a steep slope (inner damage zone) and less deformation as a gentle slope (outer damage zone). Statistical distributions of displacement and damage-zone width and their relationship are improved, and show two-slope power-law distributions with a break point at c. 100 m displacement. Bleached sandstones in the studied siliciclastic rocks of Utah are associated with a higher frequency of deformation bands and a wider damage zone compared to the unbleached zone of similar lithology. Fault damage zones in the carbonate rocks of Majella are often host to open fractures (karst), demonstrating that they can also be conductive to fluid flow.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of Modeling Approaches to Groundwater Flow in Deformed Carbonate Aquifers
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss techniques to represent groundwater flow in carbonate aquifers using the three existing modeling approaches: equivalent porous medium, conduit network, and discrete fracture network.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models of damage zone fluid corridors within a reservoir-scale normal fault in carbonates: Multiscale approach using field data and UAV imagery
Luca Smeraglia,Marco Mercuri,Stefano Tavani,Antonio Pignalosa,Michael Kettermann,Andrea Billi,Eugenio Carminati +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, structural data collected in the field and those obtained from a virtual outcrop model constructed from drone imagery, to perform discrete fracture network (DFN) modelling and to characterize the fracture distribution within the damage zone of the low-displacement (~50 m) carbonate-hosted Pietrasecca Fault (PF) (central Apennines, Italy).
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural analysis of the Smeaheia fault block, a potential CO2 storage site, northern Horda Platform, North Sea
Mark Joseph Mulrooney,Johnathon Lee Osmond,Elin Skurtveit,Elin Skurtveit,Jan Inge Faleide,Alvar Braathen +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used GN1101 3D seismic data to generate a high-resolution subsurface geomodel to inform the structural style and evolution of the Smeaheia fault block, to investigate geological controls on proposed CO2 storage and provide a geometric framework as a basis for future analyses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Damage zone characterization combining scan-line and scan-area analysis on a km-scale Digital Outcrop Model: The Qala Fault (Gozo)
Mattia Martinelli,Andrea Bistacchi,Silvia Mittempergher,Silvia Mittempergher,François Bonneau,Fabrizio Balsamo,Guillaume Caumon,Marco Meda +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new workflow that combines scanline and scan-area analysis applied on a high resolution DOM is proposed to characterize the damage zone of the Qala fault, a normal fault developed in platform carbonates of the Gozo Island (Maltese Islands).
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanical Response of Shallow Crust to Groundwater Storage Variations: Inferences from Deformation and Seismic Observations in the Eastern Southern Alps, Italy
Francesco Pintori,Francesco Pintori,Enrico Serpelloni,Laurent Longuevergne,Alexander Garcia,Licia Faenza,Lucio D’Alberto,Adriano Gualandi,Adriano Gualandi,Maria Elina Belardinelli +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, changes in groundwater storage, computed for a ∼1000 km2 basin, focus deformation in a narrow zone, causing large horizontal, non-seasonal displacements, and the background seismicity rates appear correlated, without evident temporal delay, with groundwater storage changes in the hydrological basin.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fault zone architecture and permeability structure
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed qualitative and quantitative schemes for evaluating fault-related permeability structures by using results of field investigations, laboratory permeability measurements, and numerical models offlow within and near fault zones.
Book
Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology
Derek C. Ford,Paul W. Williams +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between Karst and general geomorphology and Hydrogeology and discuss the development of Karst underground systems, and present a detailed analysis of these systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scaling of fracture systems in geological media
E. Bonnet,Olivier Bour,Noelle E. Odling,Philippe Davy,Ian Main,Patience A. Cowie,Brian Berkowitz +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide guidelines for the accurate and practical estimation of exponents and fractal dimensions of natural fracture systems, including length, displacement and aperture power law exponents.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of recent developments concerning the structure, mechanics and fluid flow properties of fault zones
Daniel R. Faulkner,Christopher A.-L. Jackson,Rebecca J. Lunn,Roy W. Schlische,Zoe K. Shipton,Christopher A. J. Wibberley,Martha Oliver Withjack +6 more
TL;DR: Fault zones and fault systems have a key role in the development of the Earth's crust and control the mechanics and fluid flow properties of the crust, and the architecture of sedimentary deposits in basins as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of the relationship between displacements and dimensions of faults
John J. Walsh,Juan Watterson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors derived an expression relating width, displacement and material properties of a single fault surface, and used this expression to derive a growth model for a single slip event, where width is proportional to the square root of displacement.