Institution
Eni
Company•Rome, Italy•
About: Eni is a company organization based out in Rome, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Catalysis & Climate change. The organization has 3701 authors who have published 4077 publications receiving 85151 citations. The organization is also known as: Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi & Eni S.P.A..
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International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis1, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research3, Joint Global Change Research Institute4, National Center for Atmospheric Research5, National Institute for Environmental Studies6, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development7, Shanghai University8, Eni9, University of Washington10, Bocconi University11, KAIST12, Humboldt University of Berlin13, Wageningen University and Research Centre14, Polytechnic University of Milan15
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications, and find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socioeconomic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target.
Abstract: This paper presents the overview of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) and their energy, land use, and emissions implications. The SSPs are part of a new scenario framework, established by the climate change research community in order to facilitate the integrated analysis of future climate impacts, vulnerabilities, adaptation, and mitigation. The pathways were developed over the last years as a joint community effort and describe plausible major global developments that together would lead in the future to different challenges for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The SSPs are based on five narratives describing alternative socio-economic developments, including sustainable development, regional rivalry, inequality, fossil-fueled development, and middle-of-the-road development. The long-term demographic and economic projections of the SSPs depict a wide uncertainty range consistent with the scenario literature. A multi-model approach was used for the elaboration of the energy, land-use and the emissions trajectories of SSP-based scenarios. The baseline scenarios lead to global energy consumption of 400–1200 EJ in 2100, and feature vastly different land-use dynamics, ranging from a possible reduction in cropland area up to a massive expansion by more than 700 million hectares by 2100. The associated annual CO 2 emissions of the baseline scenarios range from about 25 GtCO 2 to more than 120 GtCO 2 per year by 2100. With respect to mitigation, we find that associated costs strongly depend on three factors: (1) the policy assumptions, (2) the socio-economic narrative, and (3) the stringency of the target. The carbon price for reaching the target of 2.6 W/m 2 that is consistent with a temperature change limit of 2 °C, differs in our analysis thus by about a factor of three across the SSP marker scenarios. Moreover, many models could not reach this target from the SSPs with high mitigation challenges. While the SSPs were designed to represent different mitigation and adaptation challenges, the resulting narratives and quantifications span a wide range of different futures broadly representative of the current literature. This allows their subsequent use and development in new assessments and research projects. Critical next steps for the community scenario process will, among others, involve regional and sectoral extensions, further elaboration of the adaptation and impacts dimension, as well as employing the SSP scenarios with the new generation of earth system models as part of the 6th climate model intercomparison project (CMIP6).
2,644 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a summary review and a classification of the main approaches that have been developed world-wide for the assessment of hazard and risk of landsliding, and several considerations concerning acceptable risk and risk management are presented.
Abstract: This paper deals with several aspects of the assessment of hazard and risk of landsliding. In recent years the interest in this topic has increased greatly and there are many technical papers dealing with this subject in the literature. This article presents a summary review and a classification of the main approaches that have been developed world-wide. The first step is the subdivision between qualitative and quantitative methods. The first group is mainly based on the site-specific experience of experts with the susceptibility/hazard determined directly in the field or by combining different index maps. The approaches of the second group are formally more rigorous. It is possible to distinguish between statistical analyses (bivariate or multivariate) and deterministic methods that involve the analysis of specific sites or slopes based on geo-engineering models. Such analyses can be deterministic or probabilistic. Among the quantitative methods discussed is the Neural Networks approach which has only recently been applied to engineering geology problems. Finally several considerations concerning the concept of acceptable risk and risk management are presented.
1,227 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed profitability and stability of international agreements to protect the environment in the presence of trans-frontier or global pollution, and showed that such coalitions exist; that they tend to involve a fraction of negotiating countries; and that the number of signatory countries can be increased by means of self-financed transfers.
1,137 citations
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Eni1
TL;DR: It is proposed that Bruchpilot protein (BRP) is critical for intact AZ structure and normal-evoked neurotransmitter release at chemical synapses of Drosophila.
854 citations
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ETH Zurich1, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis2, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research3, Joint Global Change Research Institute4, Eni5, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency6, Utrecht University7, National Institute for Environmental Studies8, Polytechnic University of Milan9
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe scenarios that limit end-of-century radiative forcing to 1.9 Wm−2, and consequently restrict median warming in the year 2100 to below 1.5 W m−2.
Abstract: The 2015 Paris Agreement calls for countries to pursue efforts to limit global-mean temperature rise to 1.5 °C. The transition pathways that can meet such a target have not, however, been extensively explored. Here we describe scenarios that limit end-of-century radiative forcing to 1.9 W m−2, and consequently restrict median warming in the year 2100 to below 1.5 °C. We use six integrated assessment models and a simple climate model, under different socio-economic, technological and resource assumptions from five Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Some, but not all, SSPs are amenable to pathways to 1.5 °C. Successful 1.9 W m−2 scenarios are characterized by a rapid shift away from traditional fossil-fuel use towards large-scale low-carbon energy supplies, reduced energy use, and carbon-dioxide removal. However, 1.9 W m−2 scenarios could not be achieved in several models under SSPs with strong inequalities, high baseline fossil-fuel use, or scattered short-term climate policy. Further research can help policy-makers to understand the real-world implications of these scenarios.
733 citations
Authors
Showing all 3703 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Alex K.-Y. Jen | 128 | 921 | 61811 |
Vladimir Bulovic | 105 | 470 | 48711 |
F. Fidecaro | 105 | 569 | 74781 |
Timothy M. Swager | 103 | 1446 | 47652 |
Alessandro Bertolini | 94 | 363 | 67454 |
Robert N. Stavins | 76 | 314 | 22923 |
Francesca Rossi | 70 | 702 | 21308 |
Carlo Carraro | 66 | 485 | 16227 |
Jesús Carrera | 65 | 350 | 14675 |
Stephan J. Sigrist | 57 | 172 | 13360 |
Massimo Tavoni | 57 | 247 | 12689 |
Fabio Rocca | 57 | 325 | 19186 |
Sergey Paltsev | 55 | 217 | 10116 |
Valentina Bosetti | 54 | 272 | 10429 |
Scott Barrett | 53 | 130 | 12799 |