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FDDB: A benchmark for face detection in unconstrained settings

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TLDR
A new data set of face images with more faces and more accurate annotations for face regions than in previous data sets is presented and two rigorous and precise methods for evaluating the performance of face detection algorithms are proposed.
Abstract
Despite the maturity of face detection research, it remains difficult to compare different algorithms for face detection. This is partly due to the lack of common evaluation schemes. Also, existing data sets for evaluating face detection algorithms do not capture some aspects of face appearances that are manifested in real-world scenarios. In this work, we address both of these issues. We present a new data set of face images with more faces and more accurate annotations for face regions than in previous data sets. We also propose two rigorous and precise methods for evaluating the performance of face detection algorithms. We report results of several standard algorithms on the new benchmark.

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Proceedings ArticleDOI

A machine learning approach to detect occluded faces in unconstrained crowd scene

TL;DR: This work is an attempt to illustrate the cognitive informatics approach using machine learning and present an occluded face detection method that achieves desirable results in the detection of half occluding faces.
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Face Detection for Crowd Analysis Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

TL;DR: Results show that when images contain fair sized occlusions, Mask RCNN outperforms the current state of the art method.
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Autonomous robot photographer with KL divergence optimization of image composition and human facial direction

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Low-complexity object detection with deep convolutional neural network for embedded systems

TL;DR: An end-to-end TensorFlow (TF)-based fully-convolutional deep neural network for generic object detection task inspired by one of the fastest framework, YOLO, which can predict object instances of different sizes and poses in a single frame and achieves comparative accuracy compared with state-of-the-art CNN-based object detection methods.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Multi-path Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network for Accurate Detection of Unconstrained "Hard Faces"

TL;DR: Experiments show that this approach achieves state-of-the-art face detection performance on the WIDER FACE dataset "hard" partition, outperforming the former best result by 9.6% for the Average Precision.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors categorize and evaluate face detection algorithms and discuss relevant issues such as data collection, evaluation metrics and benchmarking, and conclude with several promising directions for future research.
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