From Conceptualizing to Measuring HIV Stigma: A Review of HIV Stigma Mechanism Measures
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TLDR
A new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals is articulate and the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research is emphasized.Abstract:
Recent analyses suggest that lack of clarity in the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma at an individual level is a significant barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts. In order to address this concern, we articulate a new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals. The HIV Stigma Framework explores how the stigma of HIV elicits a series of stigma mechanisms, which in turn lead to deleterious outcomes for HIV uninfected and infected people. We then apply this framework to review measures developed to gauge the effect of HIV stigma since the beginning of the epidemic. Finally, we emphasize the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research: who is affected by, how are they affected by, and what are the outcomes of HIV stigma?read more
Citations
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Stigma and racial/ethnic HIV disparities: Moving toward resilience.
TL;DR: Strengthening economic and community empowerment and trust at the structural level, creating common ingroup identities and promoting contact with people living with HIV among perceivers at the Individual level, and enhancing social support and adaptive coping among targets at the individual level can improve resilience to societal stigma and ultimately reduce racial/ethnic HIV disparities.
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A pandemic of the poor: social disadvantage and the U.S. HIV epidemic.
TL;DR: The interlocking relationships between biological, social, and behavioral factors that drive HIV/AIDS epidemics are discussed and the social positions of those most affected by HIV and AIDS are described, particularly racial and gender groups.
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HIV interventions to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma: a systematic review.
TL;DR: Future studies to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma could improve by designing interventions that pay greater attention to internal validity, use validated HIV/ AIDS stigma instruments, and achieve both statistical and public health significance.
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Intervening within and across levels: A multilevel approach to stigma and public health
TL;DR: It is suggested that interventions at any level have the potential to affect other levels of an ecological system through a process of mutually reinforcing reciprocal processes.
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Stigma as a Barrier to Seeking Health Care Among Military Personnel With Mental Health Problems
Marie-Louise Sharp,Nicola T. Fear,Roberto J. Rona,Simon Wessely,Neil Greenberg,Norman Jones,Laura Goodwin +6 more
TL;DR: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 2001 and 2014 to examine the prevalence of stigma for seeking help for a mental health problem and its association with help-seeking intentions/mental health service utilization finds that those that endorsed high anticipated stigma still utilized mental health services or were interested in seeking help.
References
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Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity.
Melvin L. DeFleur,Erving Goffman +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between information control and personal identity, including the Discredited and the Discreditable Social Information Visibility Personal Identity Biography Biographical Others Passing Techniques of Information Control Covering.
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Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between information control and personal identity, including the Discredited and the Discreditable Social Information Visibility Personal Identity Biography Biographical Others Passing Techniques of Information Control Covering.
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The Nature of Prejudice
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the dynamics of prejudgment, including: Frustration, Aggression and Hatred, Anxiety, Sex, and Guilt, Demagogy, and Tolerant Personality.
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TL;DR: In this paper, Neuberg and Heine discuss the notion of belonging, acceptance, belonging, and belonging in the social world, and discuss the relationship between friendship, membership, status, power, and subordination.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence
TL;DR: It is shown that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals and a conceptual framework is offered for understanding this excess in prevalence of disorder in terms of minority stress--explaining that stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems.