From Conceptualizing to Measuring HIV Stigma: A Review of HIV Stigma Mechanism Measures
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TLDR
A new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals is articulate and the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research is emphasized.Abstract:
Recent analyses suggest that lack of clarity in the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma at an individual level is a significant barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts. In order to address this concern, we articulate a new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals. The HIV Stigma Framework explores how the stigma of HIV elicits a series of stigma mechanisms, which in turn lead to deleterious outcomes for HIV uninfected and infected people. We then apply this framework to review measures developed to gauge the effect of HIV stigma since the beginning of the epidemic. Finally, we emphasize the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research: who is affected by, how are they affected by, and what are the outcomes of HIV stigma?read more
Citations
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Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health
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A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV-related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: how far have we come?
TL;DR: The identification of effective interventions to reduce stigma and discrimination that can be integrated into national responses is crucial to the success of the global AIDS response.
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HIV Stigma Mechanisms and Well-Being Among PLWH: A Test of the HIV Stigma Framework
Valerie A. Earnshaw,Laramie R. Smith,Stephenie R. Chaudoir,Stephenie R. Chaudoir,K. Rivet Amico,Michael M. Copenhaver +5 more
TL;DR: Evaluating the HIV Stigma Framework in a sample of 95 people living with HIV recruited from an inner-city clinic in the Bronx, NY suggests that internalized stigma associates significantly with indicators of affective and behavioral health and well-being.
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Examining the associations between HIV-related stigma and health outcomes in people living with HIV/AIDS: a series of meta-analyses
Sergio Rueda,Sanjana Mitra,Shiyi Chen,David Gogolishvili,Jason Globerman,Lori A. Chambers,Michael G. Wilson,Carmen H. Logie,Qiyun Shi,Sara Morassaei,Sean B. Rourke +10 more
TL;DR: Significant associations between HIV-related stigma and higher rates of depression, lower social support and lower levels of adherence to antiretroviral medications and access to and usage of health and social services are found.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework: a global, crosscutting framework to inform research, intervention development, and policy on health-related stigmas
Anne Stangl,Valerie A. Earnshaw,Carmen H. Logie,Wim H. van Brakel,Leickness C. Simbayi,Iman Barre,John F. Dovidio +6 more
TL;DR: The Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework is proposed, which is a global, crosscutting framework based on theory, research, and practice, and its application to a range of health conditions, including leprosy, epilepsy, mental health, cancer, HIV, and obesity/overweight is demonstrated.
References
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Assessing HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination in Developing Countries
Becky L. Genberg,Surinda Kawichai,Surinda Kawichai,Alfred Chingono,Memory Sendah,Suwat Chariyalertsak,Kelika A. Konda,David D. Celentano +7 more
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TL;DR: In this paper, the relative importance of reasons for HIV disclosure/non-disclosure with a friend, intimate partner, and parents was examined, and catharsis, a will to duty/educate and having a close/supportive relationship were endorsed as reasons that influence HIV disclosure.
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Development and psychometric assessment of a multidimensional measure of internalized HIV stigma in a sample of HIV-positive adults
Jennifer N. Sayles,Ron D. Hays,Ron D. Hays,Catherine A. Sarkisian,Anish P. Mahajan,Karen L. Spritzer,William E. Cunningham +6 more
TL;DR: A 28-item measure of internalized HIV stigma composed of four scales based on previous qualitative work that captures stigma related to treatment and other aspects of the disease among sociodemographically diverse PLHA is developed.
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Measuring stigma associated with tuberculosis and HIV / AIDS in southern Thailand: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of two new scales.
Annelies Van Rie,Sohini Sengupta,Petchawan Pungrassami,Quantar Balthip,Sophen Choonuan,Yutichai Kasetjaroen,Ronald P. Strauss,Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong +7 more
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The Efficacy of an Integrated Risk Reduction Intervention for HIV-Positive Women With Child Sexual Abuse Histories
Gail E. Wyatt,Douglas Longshore,Dorothy Chin,Jennifer Vargas Carmona,Tamra Burns Loeb,Hector F. Myers,Umme S. Warda,Honghu Liu,Inna Rivkin +8 more
TL;DR: Initial support is provided for this culturally and gender-congruent psychoeducational intervention for HIV-positive women with CSA, and the importance of addressing the effects of CSA on sexual risk reduction and medication adherence in preventive interventions for women is highlighted.