From Conceptualizing to Measuring HIV Stigma: A Review of HIV Stigma Mechanism Measures
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TLDR
A new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals is articulate and the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research is emphasized.Abstract:
Recent analyses suggest that lack of clarity in the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma at an individual level is a significant barrier to HIV prevention and treatment efforts. In order to address this concern, we articulate a new framework designed to aid in clarifying the conceptualization and measurement of HIV stigma among individuals. The HIV Stigma Framework explores how the stigma of HIV elicits a series of stigma mechanisms, which in turn lead to deleterious outcomes for HIV uninfected and infected people. We then apply this framework to review measures developed to gauge the effect of HIV stigma since the beginning of the epidemic. Finally, we emphasize the utility of using three questions to guide future HIV stigma research: who is affected by, how are they affected by, and what are the outcomes of HIV stigma?read more
Citations
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Knowledge and Attitudes toward HIV, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Health-care Workers in Malawi.
Jasintha Mtengezo,Haeok Lee,Jonathan Ngoma,Susie Kim,Teri Aronowitz,Rosanna F. DeMarco,Ling Shi +6 more
TL;DR: This study highlights the ongoing need for reducing negative attitudes toward HIV, HBV, and HCV; and providing health education among HCWs, especially focusing on HBV andHCV prevention.
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A realist systematic review of stigma reduction interventions for HIV prevention and care continuum outcomes among men who have sex with men.
Willy Dunbar,Aline Labat,Christian Raccurt,Nancy L. Sohler,Jean W. Pape,Nathalie Maulet,Yves Coppieters +6 more
TL;DR: This systematic review showed that the interventions produced stigma reduction through three groups of mechanisms: self-acceptance, leadership, and motivational activation for behaviour change from intrapersonal strategies, such as education and mobile health strategies, which intervene on internalized and anticipated stigma.
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Health inequality implications from a qualitative study of experiences of poverty stigma in Scotland
TL;DR: These dimensions of stigma potentially influence public health and health inequalities in Scotland, although future research will be necessary to quantify these and estimate their relationships with health outcomes.
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HIV stigma and the experiences of young men with voluntary and routine HIV testing
TL;DR: It is shown that, under the right conditions, a routine offer can provide transformative opportunities for individuals to reconceptualise their expectations over HIV and HIV-related stigma.
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Factors Predicting Internalized Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV in Beijing, China.
TL;DR: Cognitive reconstruction interventions should be developed to change negative stereotypes and reduce internalized stigma, and information and emotional support should be provided to develop mastery, foster coping skills for internalized stigmatization, and alleviate negative affect.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the relationship between information control and personal identity, including the Discredited and the Discreditable Social Information Visibility Personal Identity Biography Biographical Others Passing Techniques of Information Control Covering.
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Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence
TL;DR: It is shown that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals and a conceptual framework is offered for understanding this excess in prevalence of disorder in terms of minority stress--explaining that stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems.