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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Fungal biofilm resistance.

TLDR
The paper demonstrates the multifaceted nature of fungal biofilm resistance, which encompasses some of the newest data and ideas in the field.
Abstract
Fungal biofilm infections have become increasingly recognised as a significant clinical problem. One of the major reasons behind this is the impact that these have upon treatment, as antifungal therapy often fails and surgical intervention is required. This places a large financial burden on health care providers. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of fungal biofilms, particularly Candida albicans, and discusses some of the key fungal biofilm resistance mechanisms that include, extracellular matrix (ECM), efflux pump activity, persisters, cell density, overexpression of drug targets, stress responses, and the general physiology of the cell. The paper demonstrates the multifaceted nature of fungal biofilm resistance, which encompasses some of the newest data and ideas in the field.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Candida species: current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options

TL;DR: A brief review of the literature regarding the epidemiology of Candida species, as well as their pathogenicity and ability to form biofilms, the antifungal activity of natural products and other therapeutic options is presented.
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Candida albicans Biofilms and Human Disease.

TL;DR: Current knowledge of biofilms formed by C. albicans and closely related fungal species are reviewed, finding that these biofilm-based infections are intrinsically resistant to conventional antifungal therapeutics, the host immune system, and other environmental perturbations.
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The global problem of antifungal resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management

TL;DR: An effective antifungal stewardship programme is essential to control drug resistance, and should incorporate rapid fungal diagnostics, therapeutic drug monitoring, and clinical intervention teams.
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Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors

TL;DR: Information about the current state of knowledge on the risk factors that predispose to VVC is provided, also including a revision of the epidemiology and microbiology of VVC, as well as of Candida virulence factors associated with vaginal pathogenicity.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mechanisms of Candida biofilm drug resistance

TL;DR: The molecular mechanisms underlying Candida biofilm antifungal resistance are reviewed and their relative contributions during various growth phases are reviewed.
References
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Quorum Sensing in Bacteria

TL;DR: The evolution of quorum sensing systems in bacteria could, therefore, have been one of the early steps in the development of multicellularity.
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Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces.

TL;DR: A greater understanding of biofilm processes should lead to novel, effective control strategies for biofilm control and a resulting improvement in patient management.
Journal ArticleDOI

ABC Transporters: From Microorganisms to Man

TL;DR: This chapter discusses thebuilding blocks of the Transmembrane Complex, and some of the properties of these blocks have changed since the publication of the original manuscript in 1993.
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Biofilm formation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans: development, architecture, and drug resistance.

TL;DR: The studies described here form the basis for investigations into the molecular mechanisms of Candida biofilm biology and antifungal resistance and provide the means to design novel therapies for biofilm-based infections.
Journal ArticleDOI

Multidrug-resistance efflux pumps ? not just for resistance

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that multidrug-resistance efflux pumps have roles in bacterial pathogenicity and it is proposed that these pumps therefore have greater clinical relevance than is usually attributed to them.
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