Journal ArticleDOI
Multidrug-resistance efflux pumps ? not just for resistance
TLDR
Evidence is presented that multidrug-resistance efflux pumps have roles in bacterial pathogenicity and it is proposed that these pumps therefore have greater clinical relevance than is usually attributed to them.Abstract:
It is well established that multidrug-resistance efflux pumps encoded by bacteria can confer clinically relevant resistance to antibiotics. It is now understood that these efflux pumps also have a physiological role(s). They can confer resistance to natural substances produced by the host, including bile, hormones and host-defence molecules. In addition, some efflux pumps of the resistance nodulation division (RND) family have been shown to have a role in the colonization and the persistence of bacteria in the host. Here, I present the accumulating evidence that multidrug-resistance efflux pumps have roles in bacterial pathogenicity and propose that these pumps therefore have greater clinical relevance than is usually attributed to them.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Origins and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance
Julian Davies,Dorothy Davies +1 more
TL;DR: A review of antibiotic resistance development over the past half-century can be found in this article, with the oft-restated conclusion that it is time to act and to restore the therapeutic applications of antibiotics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibacterial-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Clinical Impact and Complex Regulation of Chromosomally Encoded Resistance Mechanisms
TL;DR: This review highlights the clinical significance of chromosomally encoded AmpC cephalosporinase, the outer membrane porin OprD, and the multidrug efflux pumps, as well as the complex mechanisms/pathways by which P. aeruginosa regulates their expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments.
TL;DR: The large majority of antibiotics currently used for treating infections and the antibiotic resistance genes acquired by human pathogens each have an environmental origin and the function of these elements in their environmental reservoirs may be very distinct from the “weapon-shield” role they play in clinical settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance
Jose M. Munita,Cesar A. Arias +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter will describe in detail the major mechanisms of antibiotic resistance encountered in clinical practice, providing specific examples in relevant bacterial pathogens.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria
TL;DR: This review discusses the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms involved in both types of resistance in bacteria.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Efflux-Mediated Drug Resistance in Bacteria
Xian-Zhi Li,Hiroshi Nikaido +1 more
TL;DR: Fluoroquinolones and β-lactams of the latest generations are likely to select for overproduction mutants of these pumps and make the bacteria resistant in one step to practically all classes of antibacterial agents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinically Relevant Chromosomally Encoded Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps in Bacteria
TL;DR: This review focuses on chromosomally encoded pumps in bacteria that cause infections in humans, and suggests that resistance nodulation division systems are important in pathogenicity and/or survival in a particular ecological niche.
Journal ArticleDOI
The TetR Family of Transcriptional Repressors
Juan L. Ramos,Manuel Martínez-Bueno,Antonio J. Molina-Henares,Wilson Terán,Kazuya Watanabe,Xiaodong Zhang,María-Trinidad Gallegos,Richard G. Brennan,Raquel Tobes +8 more
TL;DR: A general profile for the proteins of the TetR family of repressors is developed, made up of 47 amino acid residues that correspond to the helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif and adjacent regions in the three- dimensional structures of TetR, QacR, CprB, and EthR, four family members for which the function and three-dimensional structure are known.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance
TL;DR: Given the clinical significance of multidrug (and drug-specific) exporters, efflux must be considered in formulating strategies/approaches to treating drug-resistant infections, both in the development of new agents less impacted by efflux and in targeting efflux directly with efflux inhibitors.
Journal ArticleDOI
AcrAB efflux pump plays a major role in the antibiotic resistance phenotype of Escherichia coli multiple-antibiotic-resistance (Mar) mutants.
TL;DR: The AcrAB system is identified as the major pump responsible for making the Mar mutants resistant to many agents, including tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, and rifampin.