Journal ArticleDOI
Gender differences in ADHD: A meta-analysis and critical review
Miranda Gaub,Caryn L. Carlson +1 more
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TLDR
The need for future research examining gender differences in ADHD is strongly indicated, with attention to methodological limitations of the current literature, including the potential confounding effects of referral bias, comorbidity, developmental patterns, diagnostic procedures, and rater source.Abstract:
Objective To quantitatively review and critically evaluate literature examining gender differences in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method A meta-analysis of relevant research based on 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria was performed. Domains evaluated included primary symptomatology, intellectual and academic functioning, comorbid behavior problems, social behavior, and family variables. Results Gender differences were not found in impulsivity, academic performance, social functioning, fine motor skills, parental education, or parental depression. However, compared with ADHD boys, ADHD girls displayed greater intellectual impairment, lower levels of hyperactivity, and lower rates of other externalizing behaviors; it was not possible to evaluate the extent to which referral bias affected these findings. Some gender differences were clearly mediated by the effects of referral source; among children with ADHD identified from nonreferred populations, girls with ADHD displayed lower levels of inattention, internalizing behavior, and peer aggression than boys with ADHD, while girls and boys with ADHD identified from clinic-referred samples displayed similar levels of impairment on these variables. Conclusions The need for future research examining gender differences in ADHD is strongly indicated, with attention to methodological limitations of the current literature, including the potential confounding effects of referral bias, comorbidity, developmental patterns, diagnostic procedures, and rater source.read more
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Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement
TL;DR: This meta-analyses presents a meta-analysis of the contributions from the home, the school, and the curricula to create a picture of visible teaching and visible learning in the post-modern world.
Journal ArticleDOI
ADHD: Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Mark L. Wolraich,Joseph F. Hagan,Carla C. Allan,Carla C. Allan,Eugenia Chan,Eugenia Chan,Dale Davison,Marian F. Earls,Steven W. Evans,Susan K. Flinn,Tanya E. Froehlich,Tanya E. Froehlich,Jennifer Frost,Joseph R. Holbrook,Christoph U. Lehmann,Herschel R. Lessin,Kymika Okechukwu,Karen Pierce,Karen Pierce,Jonathan D Winner,William Zurhellen,Subcommittee On Children,Hyperactive Disorder +22 more
TL;DR: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood and can profoundly affect the academic achievement, well-being, and social interactions of children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Service utilization for lifetime mental disorders in U.S. adolescents: results of the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).
Kathleen R. Merikangas,Jian-Ping He,Marcy Burstein,Joel Swendsen,Shelli Avenevoli,Brady G. Case,Katholiki Georgiades,Leanne Heaton,Sonja A. Swanson,Mark Olfson +9 more
TL;DR: Examination of rates and sociodemographic correlates of lifetime mental health service use by severity, type, and number of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement foundmarked racial disparities in lifetime rates of mental health treatment highlight the urgent need to identify and combat barriers to the recognition and treatment of these conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis.
TL;DR: Prevalence of ADHD in adults declines with age in the general population and the unclear validity of DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for this condition can lead to reduced prevalence rates by underestimation of the prevalence of adult ADHD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is ADHD a Disinhibitory Disorder
TL;DR: It is argued that ADHD is unlikely to be due to a motivational inhibitory control deficit, although suggestions are made for additional studies that could overturn that conclusion.
References
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