Journal ArticleDOI
Geochemistry of historical-age silicic tephras in Iceland:
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The major element chemistry of nine silicic tephras of historical age from Iceland is assessed as a key step in the development of the recent tephrochronology of the North Atlantic region as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
The major element chemistry of nine silicic tephras of historical age from Iceland is assessed as a key step in the development of the recent tephrochronology of the North Atlantic region. The tephras include the largest such layers produced by each of the five central volcanoes Hekla, O raefajokull, Eyjafjallajokull, Torfajokull and Askja since the ninth century ad (H 1104, O1362, E 1821, Landnam tephra c. 870, A 1875) and four other tephras (H 1158, H 1510, H 1947, O1727). The determination of grain discrete major element chemistry of the glass fraction is a fundamental stage in the identification and correlation of tephra, and allows links to be made between Icelandic source areas (with precise dating evidence) and distal deposits elsewhere in the North Atlantic region. Although major element data can be used to discriminate between tephra layers produced by the different central volcanoes, on its own it cannot be used to identify all the Holocene layers produc...read more
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Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: Volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified 205 eruptions in historical time by detailed mapping and dating of events along with extensive research on documentation of volcanic activity in historical chronicles and classified them into three categories: effusive, effusive and mixed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intrusion triggering of the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull explosive eruption
Freysteinn Sigmundsson,Sigrún Hreinsdóttir,Andrew Hooper,Thóra Árnadóttir,Rikke Pedersen,Matthew J. Roberts,Niels Oskarsson,A. Auriac,J. Decriem,Páll Einarsson,Halldór Geirsson,Martin Hensch,Benedikt G. Ófeigsson,Erik Sturkell,H. Sveinbjornsson,Kurt L. Feigl +15 more
TL;DR: It is shown that deformation associated with the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruptions was unusual because it did not relate to pressure changes within a single magma chamber, and clear signs of volcanic unrest signals over years to weeks may indicate reawakening of such volcanoes, whereas immediate short-term eruption precursors may be subtle and difficult to detect.
Journal ArticleDOI
The tephrochronology of Iceland and the North Atlantic region during the Middle and Late Quaternary: a review
TL;DR: The tephrochronology of Iceland and the North Atlantic region is reviewed in this paper in order to construct a unified framework for the last 400 kyr BP for tephra layers described geochemically.
Journal Article
Postglacial volcanism in Iceland
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate that Icelandic volcanism has produced around 2400 eruptions and about 566±100 km 3 of erupted magma in the last 11 ka, using a postglacial eruption data set.
Journal ArticleDOI
Volcanic soils of Iceland
TL;DR: A new classification scheme based on the World Reference Base (World Reference Base for Soil Resources) is used to provide an overview of Icelandic volcanic soils as mentioned in this paper, and most of the soils are classified as Andosols.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments
Karl Grönvold,Niels Oskarsson,Sigfus J Johnsen,Sigfus J Johnsen,Henrik Clausen,Claus U. Hammer,Gerard C. Bond,Edouard Bard +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, four previously known ash layers (Ash Zones I and II, Saksunarvatn and the Settlement layer) all originating in Iceland have been identified in the Central Greenland ice core GRIP.
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Quantitative Electron-probe Microanalysis of Rock-forming Minerals
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Journal Article
Quantitative methods for electron microprobe analysis of sodium in natural and synthetic glasses
TL;DR: In this article, two methods have been developed for the microprobe analysis of Sodium in natural and synthetic glasses that exhibit time-dependent element migration during electron bombardment, based on the cooling of the sample to -90oC at which temperature sodium diffusion rate from the excitation volume is reduced to z€ro.