Hadron collider experiments

TLDR: Hadron colliders are accelerators in which beams of such particles are made to collide as discussed by the authors, which can give information on the structure of the constituents of the hadrons and also produce new unstable forms of matter which can be studied.

Abstract: Hadrons are elementary particles which interact through the strong interaction. Hadron colliders are accelerators in which beams of such particles are made to collide. Such collisions give information on the structure of the constituents of the hadrons and also produce new unstable forms of matter which can be studied. At low values of the four-momentum transfer squared, Q2, the interaction may consist of a simple elastic scatter which preserves the character of the two colliding hadrons. At higher values of Q2 the probability of such elastic processes falls and elastic scattering between the constituents of the hadrons-quarks and gluons-becomes more dominant. Such processes are characterised by the observation of collimated jets of particles in the collision. A study of these jets gives information on the form of the strong interaction, quantum chromodynamics. Inelastic quark and gluon scattering can lead to the production of new types of quarks. Given sufficiently high energy, collisions between quarks and antiquarks can result in the formation of Z and W bosons, the gauge particles of the weak interaction.