Journal ArticleDOI
Health benefits of cycling: a systematic review
TLDR
The existing evidence reinforces the current efforts to promote cycling as an important contributor for better population health, and was strong for fitness benefits, moderate for benefits in cardiovascular risk factors, and inconclusive for all‐cause mortality, coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, cancer risk, and overweight and obesity.Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to update the evidence on the health benefits of cycling. A systematic review of the literature resulted in 16 cycling-specific studies. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies showed a clear positive relationship between cycling and cardiorespiratory fitness in youths. Prospective observational studies demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between commuter cycling and all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, and cancer morbidity among middle-aged to elderly subjects. Intervention studies among working-age adults indicated consistent improvements in cardiovascular fitness and some improvements in cardiovascular risk factors due to commuting cycling. Six studies showed a consistent positive dose–response gradient between the amount of cycling and the health benefits. Systematic assessment of the quality of the studies showed most of them to be of moderate to high quality. According to standard criteria used primarily for the assessment of clinical studies, the strength of this evidence was strong for fitness benefits, moderate for benefits in cardiovascular risk factors, and inconclusive for all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, cancer risk, and overweight and obesity. While more intervention research is needed to build a solid knowledge base of the health benefits of cycling, the existing evidence reinforces the current efforts to promote cycling as an important contributor for better population health.read more
Citations
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Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects
Pedro C. Hallal,Lars Bo Andersen,Lars Bo Andersen,Fiona Bull,Regina Guthold,William L. Haskell,Ulf Ekelund,Ulf Ekelund +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe physical activity levels worldwide with data for adults (15 years or older) from 122 countries and for adolescents (13-15-years-old) from 105 countries.
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Policy and society related implications of automated driving: A review of literature and directions for future research
TL;DR: The review shows that first-order impacts on road capacity, fuel efficiency, emissions, and accidents risk are expected to be beneficial and the balance between the short-term benefits and long-term impacts of vehicle automation remains an open question.
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Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIT) and Continuous Endurance Training for VO2max Improvements: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials
TL;DR: The meta-analysed effect of endurance training on VO2max was a possibly large beneficial effect and a likely moderate greater additional increase for subjects with lower baseline fitness, when compared with no-exercise controls.
Physical Activity 1 Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects
Pedro Curi Hallal,Pedro C. Hallal,Lars Bo Andersen,Fiona Bull,Regina Guthold,William L. Haskell +5 more
TL;DR: Physical activity levels worldwide with data for adults (15 years or older) from 122 countries and for adolescents (13-15-years-old) from 105 countries are described, with boys are more active than are girls and women are higher in women than in men.
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of reduction in all-cause mortality from walking and cycling and shape of dose response relationship
Paul Kelly,Paul Kelly,Sonja Kahlmeier,Thomas Götschi,Nicola Orsini,Justin Richards,Nia Roberts,Peter Scarborough,Charlie Foster +8 more
TL;DR: The analysis shows that walking and cycling have population-level health benefits even after adjustment for other physical activity (PA), and public health approaches would have the biggest impact if they are able to increase walked and cycling levels in the groups that have the lowest levels of these activities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
All-cause mortality associated with physical activity during leisure time, work, sports, and cycling to work
TL;DR: Leisure time physical activity was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in both men and women in all age groups, and benefit was found from moderate leisure timephysical activity, with further benefit from sports activity and bicycling as transportation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do the Health Benefits of Cycling Outweigh the Risks
TL;DR: Whether the health benefits from the increased physical activity of a modal shift for urban commutes outweigh the health risks for individuals shifting their mode of transport is described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise type and intensity in relation to coronary heart disease in men
Mihaela Tanasescu,Michael F. Leitzmann,Eric B. Rimm,Walter C. Willett,Meir J. Stampfer,Frank B. Hu +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the amount, type, and intensity of physical activity in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among men among a cohort of 44,452 US men enrolled in the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active commuting and cardiovascular risk: A meta-analytic review
Mark Hamer,Yoichi Chida +1 more
TL;DR: Active commuting that incorporates walking and cycling was associated with an overall 11% reduction in cardiovascular risk, which was more robust among women than in men, which should be investigated for possible gender effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Walking, Cycling, and Obesity Rates in Europe, North America, and Australia
TL;DR: The results suggest that active transportation could be one of the factors that explain international differences in obesity rates, and are inversely related to obesity in these countries.
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