Journal ArticleDOI
How Informal Sector Affects the Formal Economy in Pakistan? A Lesson for Developing Countries:
Khurrum S. Mughal,Khurrum S. Mughal,Friedrich Schneider +2 more
- Vol. 9, Iss: 1, pp 7-21
TLDR
In this article, the authors explore the interaction of the informal sector with the formal economy for a developing economy, that is, Pakistan, using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bouncer.Abstract:
We explore the interaction of the informal sector with the formal economy for a developing economy, that is, Pakistan. Estimation results are obtained via autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) boun...read more
Citations
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Impact of the shadow economy on social safety: The experience of Ukraine
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the links between the lawful economy and the shadow economy with social safety and determined that shadow economy has a negative impact on the main components of social safety, including the spread of poverty, maintaining an inefficient cost structure with a high share of food expenditures, and limited housing opportunities.
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Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the relationship between the lifting of sanctions and the growth of the shadow economy in Iran and found that there was an increase in shadow economy activity with the lifting sanctions while controlling for other drivers of informal activities.
Journal ArticleDOI
The informal economy in Algeria: New insights using the MIMIC approach and the interaction with the formal economy
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the main determinants of the informal economy in Algeria using the Multiple Indicator Multiple Causes (MIMIC) approach and explored the causality direction by employing the Granger causality test from 1980 to 2017.
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The impact of the shadow economy on economic growth and CO2 emissions: evidence from ECOWAS countries
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Mehr Licht im Schatten? Neuere Ergebnisse über die Schattenwirtschaft
TL;DR: Schneider et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the Schattenwirtschaft in 157 Lander in den Jahren 1991-2017 and stellt zugleich die einschlagige Literatur vor.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of the Estimators for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root
David A. Dickey,Wayne A. Fuller +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the limit distributions of the estimator of p and of the regression t test are derived under the assumption that p = ± 1, where p is a fixed constant and t is a sequence of independent normal random variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a new approach to the problem of testing the existence of a level relationship between a dependent variable and a set of regressors, when it is not known with certainty whether the underlying regressors are trend- or first-difference stationary.
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Cointegration and speed of convergence to equilibrium
M. Hashem Pesaran,Yongcheol Shin +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the time profile of the effects of shocks on cointegrating relations in the context of a multivariate VAR(p) model, and proposed a persistence profile approach to characterize and estimate such a time profile.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tax Farming Redux: Experimental Evidence on Performance Pay for Tax Collectors
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the first large-scale field experiment on performance pay for tax collectors, where they experimentally allocated 482 property tax units in Punjab, Pakistan, into one of three performance pay schemes or a control.
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