Open AccessJournal Article
Hydrodynamics with parametric slowing down and fluctuations near the critical point
M. A. Stephanov,Yi Yin +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, a generic extension of hydrodynamics by a parametrically slow mode or modes (``$\mathrm{Hydro}+$'') and a description of fluctuations out of equilibrium was proposed.Abstract:
The search for the QCD critical point in heavy-ion collision experiments requires dynamical simulations of the bulk evolution of QCD matter as well as of fluctuations. We consider two essential ingredients of such a simulation: a generic extension of hydrodynamics by a parametrically slow mode or modes (``$\mathrm{Hydro}+$'') and a description of fluctuations out of equilibrium. By combining the two ingredients, we are able to describe the bulk evolution and the fluctuations within the same framework. Critical slowing-down means that equilibration of fluctuations could be as slow as hydrodynamic evolution, and thus fluctuations could significantly deviate from equilibrium near the critical point. We generalize hydrodynamics to partial-equilibrium conditions where the state of the system is characterized by the off-equilibrium magnitude of fluctuations in addition to the usual hydrodynamic variables---conserved densities. We find that the key element of the new formalism---the extended entropy taking into account the off-equilibrium fluctuations---is remarkably similar to the 2PI action in the quantum field theory. We show how the new $\mathrm{Hydro}+$ formalism reproduces two major effects of critical fluctuations on the bulk evolution: the strong frequency dependence of the anomalously large bulk viscosity as well as the stiffening of the equation of state with an increasing frequency or wave number. While the agreement with known results confirms its validity, the fact that $\mathrm{Hydro}+$ achieves this within a local and deterministic framework gives it significant advantages for dynamical simulations.read more
Citations
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uid dynamics with explicit propagation of the Polyakov loop
TL;DR: In this article, a fully dynamical model is presented to study nonequilibrium effects in both the chiral and the deconfinement phase transition, where the sigma field and the Polyakov loop as corresponding order parameters are propagated by Langevin equations of motion.
DissertationDOI
Propriedades fora do equilíbrio do plasma de quarks e glúons fortemente acoplado
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ holography to analyze the role of the critical point on far-from-equilibrium dynamics of strongly coupled plasmas and show that it affects the time it takes for a strongly coupled plasma to display hydrodynamic behavior.
Freezing Out Fluctuations in Hydro+ Near the QCD Critical Point
TL;DR: In this article , a freeze-out procedure is proposed to convert the critical cumulants of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) into cumulant of hadron multiplicities that can subsequently be measured.
Spin relaxation rate for heavy quarks in weakly coupled QCD plasma
Peer Review
Phase Transitions in Particle Physics -- Results and Perspectives from Lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics
Andreas Athenodorou,Dimitrios Bachtis,Claudio Bonanno,Nora Brambilla,Elena Bratkovskaya,Costanza Conti,Luigi Del Debbio,Massimo D'Elia,Petros Dimopoulos,Tetyana Galatyuk,Jana N. Guenther,Frithjof Karsch,A. Yu. Kotov,Maria Paola Lombardo,Marco Panero,Andrea Pelissetto,Owe Philipsen,F. Sannino,Chihiro Sasaki,Christian Schmidt,Olga Soloveva,Marianna Sorba,Gert Aarts,J. Aichelin,Chris Allton,M. Bruno,Michele Caselle,Roberto Contino,Leonardo Cosmai,Francesca Cuteri,F. Di Renzo,Rachel Houtz,Biagio Lucini,L.A. Maio,Jan Pawlowski,Antonio Rago,Claudia Ratti,Sinead M. Ryan,Philipp Schicho,Sipaz Sharma,Uwe-Jens Wiese +40 more
TL;DR: In this article , the status and future research directions for LFT investigations of QCD under extreme conditions are reviewed, including properties of hadrons and of the hypothesized QCD axion as inferred from QCD topology in different phases.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Theory of Dynamic Critical Phenomena
TL;DR: The renormalization group theory has been applied to a variety of dynamic critical phenomena, such as the phase separation of a symmetric binary fluid as mentioned in this paper, and it has been shown that it can explain available experimental data at the critical point of pure fluids, and binary mixtures, and at many magnetic phase transitions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transient relativistic thermodynamics and kinetic theory
Werner Israel,J.M. Stewart +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a generalized formulation of irreversible thermodynamics applicable to the description of thermal phenomena in the presence of strong gravitational fields, fast rotation and rapid fluctuations is developed, from both the phenomenological and kinetic points of view.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effective Action for Composite Operators
TL;DR: In this paper, a Rayleigh-Ritz procedure is introduced which replaces arbitrary variations with parametric variations, and previously unsolved nonlinear equations become solvable algebraic equations in the Rayleigh Ritz approximation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-Consistent Approximations in Many-Body Systems
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the criteria for maintenance of the macroscopic conservation laws of number, momentum, and energy by approximate two-particle correlation functions in manybody systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of event-by-event observables, including suppressed fluctuations in T and baryon chemical potential {mu} and, simultaneously, enhanced fluctuations in the multiplicity of soft pions, is proposed to identify the tricritical point on the boundary of the phase with spontaneously broken chiral symmetry.
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