Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal preparation of barium titanate from barium-titanium acetate gel precursors
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In this article, clear transparent gels of BaTi acetate have been prepared from titanium tetrabutylate (TBT), Ba acetate aqueous solution, isopropanol and acetic acid.Abstract:
Clear, transparent gels of BaTi acetate have been prepared from titanium tetrabutylate (TBT), Ba acetate aqueous solution, isopropanol and acetic acid. Infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of such gels revealed linked clusters of polymer Ti oxyacetate with surface adsorbed Ba acetate. Spray dried Ti oxyacetate has been found to have the stoichiometric composition Ti 2 O 3 [CH 3 COO] 2 . Calcination of BaTi acetate gels to BaTiO 3 in air turned out to be a less favourable preparative route, because stable intermediate carbonate phases were formed. Corresponding to the high surface area and fine dispersion of Ba and Ti, BaTi acetate gels are higly reactive precursors for hydrothermal synthesis of BaTiO 3 . Nearly quantitative (> 99·7%) chemical reactions were obtained without using Ba excess at processing. TEM provided interesting information about the chemical mechanisms of hydrothermal processing.read more
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Chemical solution deposition of electronic oxide films
TL;DR: Schwartz et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed various chemical aspects of different approaches, including sol-gel, hybrid, and metallo-organic decomposition (MOD) routes, which all have been successfully applied for the deposition of this class of materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Progress in the Synthesis of Nanocrystalline BaTiO3 Powders for MLCC
TL;DR: In this article, the present state of the art with respect to some of the technically and industrially most relevant preparation routes, including methods based on solid-state reactions and, more importantly, solution-based approaches, is summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of Submicron Particles of Tetragonal BaTiO3
TL;DR: Barium titanate (BaTiO3) powders of varying particle sizes were grown under hydrothermal conditions at a temperature of 240 °C as mentioned in this paper, where the hydroxide concentration of the r...
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of hydrothermal barium titanate
TL;DR: A defect chemical model has been derived for hydrothermal BaTiO 3, showing a loosely packed perovskite structure with large numbers of protons in the oxygen sublattice and vacancies in the sub-lattices of Ba and Ti as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Defect chemistry and microstructure of hydrothermal barium titanate
TL;DR: In this article, a multilayer ceramic capacitors that have been prepared from hydrothermal powders are preferentially collected at the inner electrodes, which results in “bloating,” cracks, and delamination.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sol → gel → glass: I. Gelation and gel structure
C.J. Brinker,George W. Scherer +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the mechanisms of gel formation in silicate systems derived from metal alkoxides and proposed that the resulting polysilicate species formed prior to gelation is not a dense colloidal particle of anhydrous silica but instead a solvated polymeric chain or cluster.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation of High-Purity Submicron Barium Titanate Powders
TL;DR: Simultaneous hydrolytic decomposition of barium bis isopropoxide and titanium tetrakis tertiary amyloxide was used to produce stoichiometric BaTiO3.
Journal Article
Hydrothermal synthesis of advanced ceramic powders
TL;DR: In this article, a traitement hydrothermal des poudres de ceramiques electroniques et thermomecaniques is used for fabricating thermomechaniques. But this method is not suitable for the construction of ceramique electroniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation of barium titanyl oxalate tetrahydrate for conversion to barium titanate of high purity
TL;DR: In this article, a procedure was described for preparing barium titanyl oxalate tetrahydrate, BaTiO (Cz0 4h4HzO), in which the mole ratio of TiOz to BaO is unity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Thermal decomposition of (BaTi) citrates into barium titanate
D. Hennings,W. Mayr +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, aqueous solutions of barium and titanium citrates are precipitated and two different (BaTi) citrate salts can be precipitated, depending on the pH of the solution.