Open AccessJournal Article
Immunohistochemical and in situ localization of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in human tissues and implications for CCHF pathogenesis.
F. J. Burt,R. Swanepoel,Wun-Ju Shieh,Jonathan F. Smith,P. A. Leman,Patricia W. Greer,L M Coffield,Pierre E. Rollin,Thomas G. Ksiazek,Clarence J. Peters,Sherif R. Zaki +10 more
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In this article, the authors conducted a case analysis of 12 patients with a diagnosis of CCHF infection, confirmed by virus isolation, who were evaluated at the Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Virology, South Africa.Abstract:
Background Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in parts of Africa, Asia, and eastern Europe, and that is caused by a recently emerged bunyavirus. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of CCHF infection is essential and is currently performed by virus isolation and serology. Histopathologic studies have been limited to a small number of cases, and little is known about the cellular tropism of CCHF virus and the pathogenesis of this disease. Design We conducted a retrospective case analysis of 12 patients with a diagnosis of CCHF infection, confirmed by virus isolation, who were evaluated at the Special Pathogens Unit, National Institute for Virology, South Africa. The clinicopathologic features of CCHF and the diagnostic role of virus isolation as compared with serology, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization were evaluated. Additionally, the distribution of CCHF virus in human tissues was examined. Results The clinical and histopathologic features of CCHF resemble those of other viral hemorrhagic fevers. Of the 12 patients with virus isolation-confirmed CCHF infection, 5 were positive by serology, 10 by immunohistochemistry, and 5 by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analyses showed that the mononuclear phagocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes are main targets of infection. Association of parenchymal necrosis in liver with viral infection suggests that cell damage may be mediated by a direct viral cytopathic effect. Conclusions The diagnosis of CCHF, suspected by history and clinical features, can be supported histopathologically. However, since the pathologic features resemble those of other viral hemorrhagic fevers, an unequivocal diagnosis can be made only by laboratory tests. The utility of immunohistochemistry as a sensitive and rapid diagnostic modality was established by the high degree of concordance with virus isolation. Infection of mononuclear phagocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of CCHF.read more
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Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
TL;DR: Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an often fatal viral infection described in about 30 countries, and it has the most extensive geographic distribution of the medically important tickborne viral diseases, closely approximating the known global distribution of Hyalomma spp ticks.
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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity.
Dennis A. Bente,Naomi L. Forrester,Douglas M. Watts,Alexander J. McAuley,Chris A. Whitehouse,Mike Bray +5 more
TL;DR: Current knowledge of CCHFV is summarized, summarizing its molecular biology, maintenance and transmission, epidemiology and geographic range, including an extensive discussion of C CHFV genetic diversity, including maps of the range of the virus with superimposed phylogenetic trees.
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Exotic emerging viral diseases: progress and challenges
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Prior Infection and Passive Transfer of Neutralizing Antibody Prevent Replication of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in the Respiratory Tract of Mice
Kanta Subbarao,Josephine M. McAuliffe,Leatrice Vogel,Gary A. Fahle,Steven H. Fischer,Kathleen M. Tatti,Michelle M. Packard,Wun-Ju Shieh,Sherif R. Zaki,Brian R. Murphy +9 more
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Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Turkey.
S Sami Karti,Zekaver Odabasi,Volkan Korten,Mustafa Yilmaz,Mehmet Sönmez,Rahmet Caylan,Elif Akdogan,Necmi Eren,Iftihar Koksal,Ercument Ovali,Bobbie R. Erickson,Martin J. Vincent,Stuart T. Nichol,James A. Comer,Pierre E. Rollin,Thomas G. Ksiazek +15 more
TL;DR: Nineteen cases of suspected Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever reported from Turkey.