Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Ground Hydrology Calculations for Global Climate Models (GCMs): Soil Water Movement and Evapotranspiration
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
A physically based ground hydrology model is developed to improve the land-surface sensible and latent heat calculations in global climate models as discussed by the authors, where the processes of transpiration, evaporation from intercepted precipitation and dew, evapping from bare soil, infiltration, soil water flow, and runoff are explicitly included in the model.Abstract:
A physically based ground hydrology model is developed to improve the land-surface sensible and latent heat calculations in global climate models (GCMs). The processes of transpiration, evaporation from intercepted precipitation and dew, evaporation from bare soil, infiltration, soil water flow, and runoff are explicitly included in the model. The amount of detail in the hydrologic calculations is restricted to a level appropriate for use in a GCM, but each of the aforementioned processes is modeled on the basis of the underlying physical principles. Data from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM are used as inputs for off-line tests of the ground hydrology model in four 8° × 10° regions (Brazil, Sahel, Sahara, and India). Soil and vegetation input parameters are calculated as area-weighted means over the 8° × 10° gridhox. This compositing procedure is tested by comparing resulting hydrological quantities to ground hydrology model calculations performed on the 1° × 1° cells which co...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index
TL;DR: In this article, a new climatic drought index, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), is proposed, which combines multiscalar character with the capacity to include the effects of temperature variability on drought assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Response of vegetation to drought time-scales across global land biomes
Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano,Célia M. Gouveia,Célia M. Gouveia,J. Julio Camarero,Santiago Beguería,Ricardo M. Trigo,Ricardo M. Trigo,Juan I. López-Moreno,Cesar Azorin-Molina,Edmond Pasho,Jorge Lorenzo-Lacruz,Jesús Revuelto,Enrique Morán-Tejeda,Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo +13 more
TL;DR: It is found that arid biomes respond to drought at short time-scales; that is, there is a rapid vegetation reaction as soon as water deficits below normal conditions occur, and that the response of vegetation to drought depends on characteristic drought time- scales for each biome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Present-Day Atmospheric Simulations Using GISS ModelE: Comparison to In Situ, Satellite, and Reanalysis Data
Gavin A. Schmidt,Reto Ruedy,James Hansen,Igor Aleinov,N. Bell,Mike Bauer,Susanne E. Bauer,Brian Cairns,Vittorio Canuto,Y. Cheng,Anthony D. Del Genio,Greg Faluvegi,Andrew D. Friend,Timothy M. Hall,Yongyun Hu,Max Kelley,Nancy Y. Kiang,Dorothy Koch,Andrew A. Lacis,Jean Lerner,Ken K. Lo,Ron L. Miller,Larissa Nazarenko,Valdar Oinas,J. P. Perlwitz,Judith Perlwitz,David Rind,Anastasia Romanou,Gary L. Russell,Makiko Sato,Drew Shindell,Peter Stone,Shan Sun,N. Tausnev,Duane Thresher,Mao-Sung Yao +35 more
TL;DR: The ModelE version of the GISS atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) and results for present-day climate simulations (ca. 1979) were presented in this article, where the model top is now above the stratopause, the number of vertical layers has increased, a new cloud microphysical scheme is used, vegetation biophysics now incorporates a sensitivity to humidity, atmospheric turbulence is calculated over the whole column, and new land snow and lake schemes are introduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
Class—A Canadian land surface scheme for GCMS. I. Soil model
TL;DR: In this paper, a new GCM land surface scheme is introduced, incorporating three soil layers with physically based calculations of heat and moisture transfers at the surface and across the layer boundaries, where snow-covered and snow-free areas are treated separately.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass
TL;DR: It is shown that a satisfactory account can be given of open water evaporation at four widely spaced sites in America and Europe, the results for bare soil receive a reasonable check in India, and application of theresults for turf shows good agreement with estimates of evapolation from catchment areas in the British Isles.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated porous media
TL;DR: In this article, a simple analytic model is proposed which predicts the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves by using the moisture content-capillary head curve and the measured value of the hydraulic conductivities at saturation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Principles of Environmental Physics
TL;DR: In this paper, the second edition of the Second edition, the authors present a list of symbolic symbols for the field of environmental physical sciences, including the following: 1.GAS LAWS Pressure, volume and temperature Specific heats Lapse rate Water and water vapour Other gases 3. TRANSPORT LAWS General transfer equation Molecular transfer processes Diffusion coefficients Radiation laws 4. RADI ENVIRONMENT Solar radiation Terrestrial radiation Net radiation 5. MICROCLIMATOLOGY OF RADIATION (i) Interception Direct solar radiation Diffuse radiation Radiation in
Journal ArticleDOI
A Simple Biosphere Model (SIB) for Use within General Circulation Models
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple realistic biosphere model for calculating the transfer of energy, mass and momentum between the atmosphere and the vegetated surface of the earth has been developed for use in atmospheric general circulation models.
Book
The climate near the ground
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of low plant cover on the surface air layer of a level ground without vegetation was analyzed. And the influence of topography on the microclimate was investigated.
Related Papers (5)
A Simple Parameterization of Land Surface Processes for Meteorological Models
Joël Noilhan,Serge Planton +1 more