Judith Perlwitz

TL;DR: The ModelE version of the GISS atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) and results for present-day climate simulations (ca. 1979) were presented in this article, where the model top is now above the stratopause, the number of vertical layers has increased, a new cloud microphysical scheme is used, vegetation biophysics now incorporates a sensitivity to humidity, atmospheric turbulence is calculated over the whole column, and new land snow and lake schemes are introduced.

TL;DR: It is calculated that Earth is now absorbing 0.85 ± 0.15 watts per square meter more energy from the Sun than it is emitting to space, confirmed by precise measurements of increasing ocean heat content over the past 10 years.

TL;DR: In this article, the causes of observed changes assessed in Chapters 2 to 5 and uses understanding of physical processes, climate models and statistical approaches are used to assess the extent to which atmospheric and oceanic changes influence ecosystems, infrastructure, human health and activities in economic sectors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the 2010 summer heat wave in western Russia was extraordinary, with the region experiencing the warmest July since at least 1880 and numerous locations setting all-time maximum temperature records.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements.