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In vitro synergistic effect of retapamulin with erythromycin and quinupristin against Enterococcus faecalis.
Byoungduck Park,Yu-Hong Min +1 more
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Results suggest that combinations of retapamulin with erythromycin and quinupristin have in vitro synergistic activity against E. faecalis, including strains with high-level erystromycin resistance.Abstract:
To find a therapeutic alternative for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections, we evaluated the effects of combinations of retapamulin with macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin (MLS) antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis. Using both the disk diffusion test and checkerboard assay, we initially examined the effects of combinations of retapamulin with MLS antibiotics against standard strains of these species. Combinations of retapamulin with erythromycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin and quinupristin showed synergistic activity against E. faecalis only. Synergy of retapamulin with clindamycin and dalfopristin was not observed. Then, a checkerboard assay was performed to evaluate the effects of the combinations against 15 clinical strains of E. faecalis. Retapamulin and quinupristin, the most synergistic combination, showed activity against all erythromycin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant strains tested. Among the eight strains with high-level erythromycin resistance, five strains were synergistically inhibited in the presence of only 1 μg of retapamulin per ml. Time-kill assay revealed that combinations of retapamulin with erythromycin and quinupristin were bacteriostatic. These results suggest that combinations of retapamulin with erythromycin and quinupristin have in vitro synergistic activity against E. faecalis, including strains with high-level erythromycin resistance.read more
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Interplay between ESKAPE Pathogens and Immunity in Skin Infections: An Overview of the Major Determinants of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance.
Gustavo Henrique Rodrigues Vale de Macedo,Gabrielle Damasceno Evangelista Costa,Elane Rodrigues Oliveira,Glauciane Viera Damasceno,Juliana Silva Pereira Mendonça,Lucas dos Santos Silva,Vitor Lopes Chagas,José Manuel Noguera Bazán,Amanda Silva dos Santos Aliança,Rita de Cássia Mendonça de Miranda,Adrielle Zagmignan,Andrea de Souza Monteiro,Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss some important aspects of skin immunology and the involvement of ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp) in wound infections.
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Synergy, antagonism, and what the chequerboard puts between them
TL;DR: This document is intended to be used for educational purposes only and should not be relied on as a guide for making decisions about major decisions about copyrighted material.
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TL;DR: The mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in enterococci may be intrinsic to the species or acquired through mutation of intrinsic genes or horizontal exchange of genetic material encoding resistance determinants.
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TL;DR: The structure of the ribosome has recently been determined by X-ray crystallography, revealing the molecular details of the antibiotic-binding sites and providing insight as to how existing drugs might be derivatized (or novel drugs created) to improve binding and circumvent resistance.
Journal Article
Enterococcal infections & antimicrobial resistance.
TL;DR: The shifting spectrum of enterococcal infections, along with their geographical distribution and growing nosocomial importance, is highlighted, as well as the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is a cause of concern.