Influence of harvesting pressure on demographic tactics: implications for wildlife management.
Sabrina Servanty,Sabrina Servanty,Sabrina Servanty,Jean-Michel Gaillard,Francesca Ronchi,Stefano Focardi,Eric Baubet,Olivier Gimenez +7 more
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TLDR
For wild boar, it is shown that when a population is facing a high hunting pressure, increasing the mortality in only one age-class may not allow managers to limit population growth, suggesting that simulations of management strategies based on context-specific demographic models are useful for selecting interventions for population control.Abstract:
Summary
1. Demographic tactics within animal populations are shaped by selective pressures. Exploitation exerts additional pressures so that differing demographic tactics might be expected among populations with differences in levels of exploitation. Yet little has been done so far to assess the possible consequences of exploitation on the demographic tactics of mammals, even though such information could influence the choice of effective management strategies.
2. Compared with similar-sized ungulate species, wild boar Sus scrofa has high reproductive capabilities, which complicates population management. Using a perturbation analysis, we investigated how population growth rates (λ) and critical life-history stages differed between two wild boar populations monitored for several years, one of which was heavily harvested and the other lightly harvested.
3. Asymptotic λ was 1·242 in the lightly hunted population and 1·115 in the heavily hunted population, while the ratio between the elasticity of adult survival and juvenile survival was 2·63 and 1·27, respectively. A comparative analysis including 21 other ungulate species showed that the elasticity ratio in the heavily hunted population was the lowest ever observed.
4. Compared with expected generation times of similar-sized ungulates (more than 6 years), wild boar has a fast life-history speed, especially when facing high hunting pressure. This is well illustrated by our results, where generation times were 3·6 years in the lightly hunted population and only 2·3 years in the heavily hunted population. High human-induced mortality combined with non-limiting food resources accounted for the accelerated life history of the hunted population because of earlier reproduction.
5. Synthesis and applications. For wild boar, we show that when a population is facing a high hunting pressure, increasing the mortality in only one age-class (e.g. adults or juveniles) may not allow managers to limit population growth. We suggest that simulations of management strategies based on context-specific demographic models are useful for selecting interventions for population control. This type of approach allows the assessment of population response to exploitation by considering a range of plausible scenarios, improving the chance of selecting appropriate management actions.read more
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Wild boar populations up, numbers of hunters down? A review of trends and implications for Europe.
Giovanna Massei,Jonas Kindberg,Alain Licoppe,Dragan Gačić,Nikica Šprem,Jiří Kamler,Eric Baubet,Ulf Hohmann,Andrea Monaco,Janis Ozoliņš,Sandra Cellina,Tomasz Podgórski,Carlos Fonseca,Nickolay Markov,Boštjan Pokorny,Carme Rosell,András Náhlik +16 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that recreational hunting is insufficient to limit wild boar population growth and that the relative impact of hunting onWild boar mortality had decreased, and more human-wild boar conflicts are expected unless this trend is reversed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mortality rates of wild boar Sus scrofa L. in central Europe
Oliver Keuling,Eric Baubet,Andreas Duscher,Cornelia Ebert,Claude Fischer,Andrea Monaco,Tomasz Podgórski,Céline Prévot,Katrin Ronnenberg,Gunter Sodeikat,Norman Stier,Henrik Thurfjell +11 more
TL;DR: The results certified the findings of several studies that predation, natural mortality, and road mortality have only small impact on wild boar populations, whereas especially, nutrition or hunting are mainly decisive.
Journal ArticleDOI
African swine fever in wild boar.
Simon J. More,Miguel Angel Miranda,Dominique Bicout,Anette Bøtner,Andrew Butterworth,Paolo Calistri,Sandra Edwards,Bruno Garin-Bastuji,Margaret Good,Virginie Michel,Mohan Raj,Søren Saxmose Nielsen,Liisa Sihvonen,Hans Spoolder,Jan Arend Stegeman,Antonio Velarde,Preben Willeberg,Christoph Winckler,Klaus Depner,Vittorio Guberti,Marius Masiulis,Edvins Olsevskis,Petr Satran,Mihaela Spiridon,Hans-Hermann Thulke,Arvo Vilrop,Grzegorz Wozniakowski,Andrea Bau,Alessandro Broglia,José Cortiñas Abrahantes,Sofie Dhollander,Andrey Gogin,Irene Muñoz Gajardo,Frank Verdonck,Laura Amato,Christian Gortázar Schmidt +35 more
TL;DR: Preventive measures to reduce and stabilise wild boar density, before ASF introduction, will be beneficial both in reducing the probability of exposure of the population to ASF and the efforts needed for potential emergency actions if an ASF incursion were to occur.
Journal ArticleDOI
What Is a Mild Winter? Regional Differences in Within-Species Responses to Climate Change.
TL;DR: It is concluded that climate change drives population growth of wild boar directly by relaxing the negative effect of cold winters on survival and reproduction, and indirectly by increasing food availability, but region-specific responses need to be considered in order to fully understand a species’ demographic response to climate change.
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