Journal ArticleDOI
Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide
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TLDR
In this paper, Niee's and Solenhofen standards were compared to the Chicago PDB standard for carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, and the correction factors for instrumental effects and for the nature of the mass spectra were derived.About:
This article is published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.The article was published on 1957-01-01. It has received 4071 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Carbon & Carbon dioxide.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric oxygen: isotopic composition and solubility fractionation.
Peter M. Kroopnick,Harmon Craig +1 more
TL;DR: Atmospheric oxygen has been found to be enriched in oxygen-18 by 23.5 � 0.3 per mil relative to average ocean water (SMOW) in good agreement with earlier measurements of the solubility effect in distilled water.
Journal ArticleDOI
13C discrimination during CO2 assimilation by the terrestrial biosphere
Jon Lloyd,Graham D. Farquhar +1 more
TL;DR: From this model, it is estimated that, on a global basis, 21% of GPP is by C4 plants and for the terrestrial biosphere as a whole, an average isotope discrimination during photosynthesis of 14.8‰ is calculated, which is slightly less than would be calculated from C4 plant dry matter carbon isotopic composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carbon isotope fractionation during photosynthesis
R. Park,Samuel Epstein +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study was made of the reasons for isotopic fractionation in photosynthesis and various factors controlling it, and the effects of high light intensities on the fractionation factors of photosynthesis were studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
A global survey of carbon isotope discrimination in plants from high altitude.
TL;DR: It is estimated that the ratio of internal to external partial pressure of CO2 in Leaves of high elevation plants is lower than in leaves of low altitude, which indicates decreasing relative limitation of carbon uptake by carboxylation.
Book ChapterDOI
Natural variations in 15N in the marine environment
TL;DR: This chapter covers aspects of the natural variations in 15N in a wide range of subject areas, for example, dissolved gases in the deep oceans to the dietary relations of laboratory grown animals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
On the Isotopic Chemistry of Carbonates and a Paleotemperature Scale
TL;DR: In this paper, the temperature variation of the fractionation of oxygen in exchange reactions between dissolved carbonate and water and between calcite and water was calculated on theoretical grounds, and checked experimentally.
Journal ArticleDOI
Variation of O18 content of waters from natural sources
S Epstein,Toshiko K. Mayeda +1 more
TL;DR: A number of marine water and fresh water samples were examined for the relative O18O16 ratio, and the variation of this ratio was determined to a precision of ± 1% as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Revised carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale
TL;DR: The relationship between temperature and O(18) content relative to that for a Cretaceous belemnite of the Pee Dee formation previously reported (Epstein, Buchsbaum, Lowenstam, and Urey, 1951) has been re-determined using modified procedures for removing organic matter from shells, and is found to be 16.5 - 4.3 δ + 0.14 δ^2
Journal ArticleDOI
The geochemistry of the stable carbon isotopes
TL;DR: A survey of the variation of the ratio C13/C12 in nature can be found in this paper, where Urey and his co-workers used two complete feed systems with magnetic switching to determine small differences in isotope ratios between samples and a standard gas.