Journal ArticleDOI
Kinetics of swelling of gels
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TLDR
In this article, a theory of the kinetics of the swelling of polyacrylamide gels is presented, which is based on the assumption that the swelling time is determined by the diffusion coefficient of the fluid molecules.Abstract:
We present a theory of the kinetics of the swelling of a gel. The characteristic time of swelling is proportional to the square of a linear dimension of the gel and is also proportional to the diffusion coefficient of the gel network, which is defined as D=E/f where E is the longitudinal bulk modulus of the network, and f is the coefficient of friction between the network and the gel fluid. This constitutes an essential difference between the present theory and the previous theory which is based on the assumption that the swelling time is determined by the diffusion coefficient of the fluid molecules. Experimental data are shown for spheres of 5% polyacrylamide gels and are analyzed using the present theory. The value of the diffusion coefficient obtained from the macroscopic swelling experiments shows excellent agreement with that obtained microscopically using laser light scattering spectroscopy.read more
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Flow-induced swelling of poly(vinyl alcohol) gel
TL;DR: In this paper, a diffusion equation was proposed to describe the time evolution of flow and volume change of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gels under flow, and the experimental results were explained fairly well by the theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transfer printing of self-folding polymer-metal bilayer particles.
Al de Leon,Andrew C. Barnes,Patrick G. Thomas,Johnathan ODonnell,Christian A. Zorman,Rigoberto C. Advincula +5 more
TL;DR: A simple and robust alternative for fabricating stimuli-responsive 2D self-folding films was introduced, which combines metal-sputtering, layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes, and transfer-printing of the bilayer film onto a substrate coated with a sacrificial layer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Theoretical studies on the stress relaxation of polymer gels under uniaxial elongation
TL;DR: In this article, the stress relaxation of uniaxially stretched gel has been studied theoretically by employing two different methods, one of which is based on the consideration that the time (t) dependent reference state is anisotropic, and the other is based upon the introduction of the isotropic reference state and is described in detail in detail.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis and characterization of responsive poly(anionic liquid) microgels
Shoumin Chen,Yahui Peng,Qingshi Wu,Aiping Chang,Anqi Qu,Jing Shen,Jianda Xie,Zahoor H. Farooqi,Weitai Wu +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a class of poly(anionic liquid) microgels that undergo stimuli-responsive volume phase transitions was synthesized by free radical precipitation polymerization of a tetrabutylphosphonium 4-styrenesulfonate monomer and a crosslinker N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polyelectrolyte Gels: A Unique Class of Soft Materials
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the field of polyelectrolyte gels and focus on the typical behavior of these materials and highlight some of the problems and possible future research directions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes : I. General Theory and Simple Applications to Magnetic and Conduction Problems
TL;DR: In this paper, a general type of fluctuation-dissipation theorem is discussed to show that the physical quantities such as complex susceptibility of magnetic or electric polarization and complex conductivity for electric conduction are rigorously expressed in terms of timefluctuation of dynamical variables associated with such irreversible processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spectrum of light scattered from a viscoelastic gel
TL;DR: In this paper, the spectrum of light scattered from thermally excited displacement fluctuations in polyacrylamide gels was measured using optical mixing spectroscopy, and the correlation function for the displacements having wave vector q is predicted for these gels to have the form of an exponential decay: exp(− Γt).
Journal ArticleDOI
An Introduction to the Theory of Elasticity
P. G. Appleby,R. J. Atkin,N. Fox +2 more