Journal ArticleDOI
Leadership in the Organizational Context: A Conceptual Approach and its Applications1
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reviewed the literature on leadership, and noted the lack of a well-founded theoretical conception of leadership that would provide a general, cross-situational approach to leadership identification and develoment.Abstract:
The present research reviewed the literature on leadership, and noted the lack of a well-founded theoretical conception of leadership that would provide a general, cross-situational approach to leadership identification and develoment. Subsequently, it was suggested systems theory might be used to gain some understanding of leadership as it occurs in bureaucratic organizations. This led to the hypothesis that formal leadership activities will always be focused on the attainment of certain goals specified in the leadership role, and so will represent a form of problem-solving activity. The literature supporting this hypothesis was reviewed. The personal characteristics of a leader which would be likely to facilitate goal attainment and problem solving across situations were outlined as well as certain problem-specific processes. Finally, some implications of this approach to leadership identification and development were considered.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gender and the effectiveness of leaders: a meta-analysis
TL;DR: Aggregated over the organizational and laboratory experimental studies in the sample, male and female leaders were equally effective, however, consistent with the assumption that the congruence of leadership roles with leaders' gender enhances effectiveness, men were more effective than women in roles that were defined in more masculine terms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leadership skills for a changing world: Solving complex social problems.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose that effective leadership behavior fundamentally depends upon the leader's ability to solve the kinds of complex social problems that arise in organizations. But, they do not consider the role of career experiences in the development of these skills.
Journal ArticleDOI
Taxonomic efforts in the description of leader behavior: A synthesis and functional interpretation
Edwin A. Fleishman,Michael D. Mumford,Stephen J. Zaccaro,Kerry Y. Levin,Arthur L. Korotkin,Michael B. Hein +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a taxonomic taxonomy for describing leader behavior is presented, along with an analysis of the actions required for an adaptive response to these demands led to the specification of 13 leader behavior dimensions, with respect to existing taxonomic literature, principles of taxonomic development, and other available evidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Supervisor behaviors, role stressors and uncertainty as predictors of personal outcomes for subordinates
TL;DR: Among employees of comparable organizations in the United States and New Zealand, role stressors (ambiguity and conflict), along with effort-to-performance uncertainty, performance to-outcome uncertainty and doubt about acceptance by one's supervisor, generally predicted job satisfaction, psychological strain and turnover intentions as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leadership and social intelligence: Linking social perspectiveness and behavioral flexibility to leader effectiveness
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine social intelligence as a quality of effective organizational leaders and propose that successful leaders have as individual characteristics two components of social intelligence, social perceptiveness and behavioral flexibility.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Features of Similarity
TL;DR: The metric and dimensional assumptions that underlie the geometric representation of similarity are questioned on both theoretical and empirical grounds and a set of qualitative assumptions are shown to imply the contrast model, which expresses the similarity between objects as a linear combination of the measures of their common and distinctive features.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the psychology of prediction
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the rules that determine intuitive predictions and judgments of confidence and contrast these rules to the normative principles of statistical prediction and show that people do not appear to follow the calculus of chance or the statistical theory of prediction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subjective Probability: A Judgment of Representativeness
Daniel Kahneman,Amos Tversky +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the subjective probability of an event, or a sample, is determined by the degree to which it is similar in essential characteristics to its parent population and reflects the salient features of the process by which it was generated.
Book ChapterDOI
The act of discovery.
TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that active participation in the learning process by the child might result in an increase in intellectual potency so as to make the acquired information more readily viable in problem solving, the enaction of the learning activities in terms of the intrinsic reward of discovery itself (as contrasted with the drive-reduction model of learning), learning the heuristics of discovery, and making material more readily accessible in memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toward a behavioral theory of leadership
TL;DR: In this paper, a system of three distinct leader behavior dimensions is proposed to reduce the apparent inconsistency in the leadership literature and to the absence of a conceptual framework which includes intermediate and situational variables.