Long-term effects of the demographic transition on family and kinship networks in Britain.
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Wide fertility declines have led to population aging, initially resulting from reductions in fertility and more recently compounded by mortality improvement at older ages, and while countries have shown some variations in the timing and magnitude, broadly similar trends are observed.Abstract:
the first demographic transition started in many western industrialized societies around the latter part of the nineteenth century with steady mortality improvement. expectation of life at birth, about 40 years at the start of the transition, has now doubled (riley 2001). Fertility declined from a level of about five children to under two children per woman over the same period (Coale and watkins 1986; Chesnais 1993; dyson 2010). this decline was interrupted in many industrialized countries by the baby boom and associated marriage boom in the post–world war ii period, peaking in the early 1960s. the decline resumed to such an extent that some countries experienced ultra-low fertility, with total fertility rates below 1.3, together with very low rates of marriage (Billari and Kohler 2004; Frejka et al. 2008). widespread signs of stabilization or reversal from these historically unprecedented low fertility levels only started to appear in the early twenty-first century (Goldstein, Sobotka, and Jasilioniene 2009). these widespread fertility declines have led to population aging, initially resulting from reductions in fertility and more recently compounded by mortality improvement at older ages. while countries have shown some variations in the timing and magnitude, broadly similar trends are observed. trends in fertility and life expectancy for the country that is the subject of this chapter, england and wales (hereafter Britain), are shown in Figures 1a and 1b. this resumption of fertility decline in the second half of the twentieth century was associated with changes in partnership behavior in many countries that some consider to be a second demographic transition (van de Kaa 1987; lesthaeghe 1995), although this contention has been challenged , (e.g., Coleman 2005). these changes included substantial reductions in marriage and increases in marital breakdown. nonmarital cohabitationread more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Haidong Wang,Kaja M. Abbas,Mitra Abbasifard,Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari,Hedayat Abbastabar,Foad Abd-Allah,Ahmed Abdelalim,Hassan Abolhassani,Lucas Guimarães Abreu,Michael R.M. Abrigo,Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk,Maryam Adabi,Tim Adair,Oladimeji M. Adebayo,Isaac Akinkunmi Adedeji,Victor Adekanmbi,Abiodun M. Adeoye,Olatunji O. Adetokunboh,Shailesh Advani,Ashkan Afshin,Mohammad Aghaali,Anurag Agrawal,Keivan Ahmadi,Hamid Ahmadieh,Muktar Beshir Ahmed,Ziyad Al-Aly,Khurshid Alam,Tahiya Alam,Fahad Alanezi,Turki Alanzi,Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal,Muhammad Ali,Gianfranco Alicandro,Mehran Alijanzadeh,Cyrus Alinia,Vahid Alipour,Hesam Alizade,Syed Mohamed Aljunid,Peter Allebeck,Majid A Almadi,Amir Almasi-Hashiani,Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi,Khalid A Altirkawi,Arwa Khalid Alumran,Nelson Alvis-Guzman,Mostafa Amini-Rarani,Arya Aminorroaya,Arianna Maever L. Amit,Robert Ancuceanu,Catalina Liliana Andrei,Sofia Androudi,Colin Angus,Mina Anjomshoa,Fereshteh Ansari,Iman Ansari,Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam,Carl Abelardo T. Antonio,Catherine M. Antony,Davood Anvari,Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah,Jalal Arabloo,Morteza Arab-Zozani,Aleksandr Y. Aravkin,Olatunde Aremu,Johan Ärnlöv,Krishna K. Aryal,Ali A. Asadi-Pooya,Samaneh Asgari,Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi,Madhu Sudhan Atteraya,Marcel Ausloos,Leticia Avila-Burgos,Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho,Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla,Getinet Ayano,Martin Amogre Ayanore,Ghasem Azarian,Ebrahim Babaee,Ashish Badiye,Eleni Bagli,Mohammad Amin Bahrami,Ahad Bakhtiari,Shelly Balassyano,Maciej Banach,Palash Chandra Banik,Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Akbar Barzegar,Sanjay Basu,Bernhard T. Baune,Mohsen Bayati,Gholamreza Bazmandegan,Neeraj Bedi,Michellr L. Bell,Derrick A Bennett,Isabela M. Benseñor,Kidanemaryam Berhe,Adam E. Berman,Gregory J. Bertolacci,Reshmi Bhageerathy,Neeraj Bhala,Krittika Bhattacharyya,Zulfiqar A. Bhutta,Ali Bijani,Antonio Biondi,Donal Bisanzio,Catherine Bisignano,Raaj Kishore Biswas,Tone Bjørge,Somayeh Bohlouli,Mehdi Bohluli,Srinivasa Rao Bolla,Antonio Maria Borzì,Shiva Borzouei,Oliver J. Brady,Dejana Braithwaite,Michael Brauer,Andrey Nikolaevich Briko,Nikolay Ivanovich Briko,Blair R. Bumgarner,Sharath Burugina Nagaraja,Zahid A Butt,Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos,Tianji Cai,Charlton S K H Callender,Luis Camera,Ismael R. Campos-Nonato,Rosario Cárdenas,Giulia Carreras,Juan Jesus Carrero,Félix Carvalho,João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia,Giulio Castelpietra,Franz Castro,Ferrán Catalá-López,Christopher R. Cederroth,Ester Cerin,Vijay Kumar Chattu,Ken Lee Chin,Dinh-Toi Chu,Liliana G Ciobanu,Massimo Cirillo,Haley Comfort,Vera Marisa Costa,Richard G. Cowden,Elizabeth A. Cromwell,Andrew J. Croneberger,Matthew Cunningham,Saad M.A. Dahlawi,Giovanni Damiani,Emanuele D'Amico,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Paul I. Dargan,Aso Mohammad Darwesh,Ahmad Daryani,Rajat Gupta,José Neves,Kairat Davletov,Diego De Leo,Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez,Kebede Deribe,Nikolaos Dervenis,Rupak Desai,Govinda Prasad Dhungana,Diana Silva,Daniel Diaz,Ilse N. Dippenaar,Shirin Djalalinia,Hoa Thi Do,Klara Dokova,David Teye Doku,Fariba Dorostkar,Chirag P. Doshi,Leila Doshmangir,Kerrie E. Doyle,Eleonora Dubljanin,Andre Rodrigues Duraes,David Edvardsson,Andem Effiong,Iman El Sayed,Maha El Tantawi,Iffat Elbarazi,Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary,Mohammad Hassan Emamian,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Firooz Esmaeilzadeh,Kara Estep,Mohammad Farahmand,Anwar Faraj,Mohammad Fareed,Roghiyeh Faridnia,André Faro,Farshad Farzadfar,Nazir Fattahi,Ali Akbar Fazaeli,Mehdi Fazlzadeh,Valery L. Feigin,Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Eduarda Fernandes,Manuela L. Ferreira,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Carsten Flohr,Nataliya A. Foigt,Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan,A. A. Fomenkov,Marisa Freitas,Takeshi Fukumoto,John E. Fuller,João M. Furtado,Mohamed M. Gad,Emmanuela Gakidou,Silvano Gallus,Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot,Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin,Peter W. Gething,Farhad Ghamari,Ahmad Ghashghaee,Asadollah Gholamian,Syed Amir Gilani,Mojgan Gitimoghaddam,Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova,Elena V. Gnedovskaya,Sameer Vali Gopalani,Alessandra C. Goulart,Harish Chander Gugnani,Yuming Guo,Rajeev Gupta,Subodh S Gupta,Juanita A. Haagsma,Arvin Haj-Mirzaian,Arya Haj-Mirzaian,Iman Halvaei,Randah R. Hamadeh,Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah,Chieh Han,Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso,Graeme J. Hankey,Hamidreza Haririan,Josep Maria Haro,Ahmed I. Hasaballah,Soheil Hassanipour,Hadi Hassankhani,Simon I. Hay,Behzad Heibati,Reza Heidari-Soureshjani,Kiana Henny,Nathaniel J Henry,Claudiu Herteliu,Fatemeh Heydarpour,Michael K. Hole,Praveen Hoogar,H. Dean Hosgood,Naznin Hossain,Mehdi Hosseinzadeh,Mihaela Hostiuc,Sorin Hostiuc,Mowafa Househ,Damian G Hoy,Guoqing Hu,Tanvir M. Huda,Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye,Kevin S Ikuta,Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi,Irena Ilic,Milena Ilic,Mohammad Hasan Imani-Nasab,Mohaimenul Islam,Hiroyasu Iso,Chinwe Juliana Iwu,Jalil Jaafari,Kathryn H. Jacobsen,Deepa Jahagirdar,Nader Jahanmehr,Amir Jalali,Farzad Jalilian,Spencer L. James,Hosna Janjani,Ensiyeh Jenabi,Ravi Prakash Jha,Vivekanand Jha,John S. Ji,Jost B. Jonas,Farahnaz Joukar,Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak,Mikk Jürisson,Zubair Kabir,Hamed Kalani,Leila R Kalankesh,Zahra Kamiab,Tanuj Kanchan,Neeti Kapoor,André Karch,Salah Eddin Karimi,Seyed Asaad Karimi,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi,Norito Kawakami,Gbenga A. Kayode,Peter Njenga Keiyoro,Cathleen Keller,Yousef Khader,Nauman Khalid,Ejaz Ahmad Khan,Maseer Khan,Young-Ho Khang,Amir Khater,Mona M. Khater,Salman Khazaei,Habibolah Khazaie,Mohammad Taghi Khodayari,Jagdish Khubchandani,Neda Kianipour,Cho-il Kim,Young Eun Kim,Yun Jin Kim,Yohannes Kinfu,Adnan Kisa,Sezer Kisa,Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek,Mika Kivimäki,Hamidreza Komaki,Jacek A. Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Parvaiz A Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Kewal Krishan,Kris J. Krohn,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,G Anil Kumar,Manasi Kumar,Pushpendra Kumar,Vivek Kumar,Dian Kusuma,Hmwe H Kyu,Carlo La Vecchia,Ben Lacey,Dharmesh Kumar Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Faris Lami,Sônia Lansky,Samantha Leigh Larson,Anders Larsson,Savita Lasrado,Zohra S Lassi,Jeffrey V. Lazarus,Paul H. Lee,Shaun Wen Huey Lee,Andrew T. Leever,Kate E. LeGrand,Matilde Leonardi,Shanshan Li,Lee Ling Lim,Stephen S Lim,Shai Linn,Rakesh Lodha,Giancarlo Logroscino,Alan D. Lopez,Platon D. Lopukhov,Paulo A. Lotufo,Rafael Lozano,Alton Lu,Raimundas Lunevicius,Mohammed Madadin,Emilie R Maddison,Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek,Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek,Phetole Walter Mahasha,Mokhtar Mahdavi,Reza Malekzadeh,Abdullah Al Mamun,Navid Manafi,Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei,Borhan Mansouri,Mohammad Ali Mansournia,Chabila C Mapoma,Santi Martini,Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo,Anthony Masaka,Claudia I. Mastrogiacomo,Manu Raj Mathur,Erin A. May,Colm McAlinden,John J. McGrath,Martin McKee,Man Mohan Mehndiratta,Fereshteh Mehri,Kala M. Mehta,Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei,Peter Memiah,Walter Mendoza,Ritesh G. Menezes,Endalkachew Worku Mengesha,George A. Mensah,Atte Meretoja,Tuomo J. Meretoja,Tomislav Mestrovic,Irmina Maria Michalek,Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie,Ted R. Miller,Edward J Mills,George J. Milne,Erkin M. Mirrakhimov,Hamed Mirzaei,Maryam Mirzaei,Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh,Awoke Misganaw,Babak Moazen,Masoud Moghadaszadeh,Efat Mohamadi,Dara K. Mohammad,Yousef Mohammad,Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji,Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi,Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani,Reza Mohammadpourhodki,Hussen Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Farnam Mohebi,Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei,Amin Mokari,Ali H. Mokdad,Natalie C. Momen,Lorenzo Monasta,Meghan D. Mooney,Ghobad Moradi,Masoud Moradi,Mohammad Moradi-Joo,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Rahmatollah Moradzadeh,Paula Moraga,Ilais Moreno Velásquez,Joana Morgado-da-Costa,Shane D. Morrison,Jonathan F. Mosser,Simin Mouodi,Seyyed Meysam Mousavi,Amin Mousavi Khaneghah,Ulrich O Mueller,Kamarul Imran Musa,Saravanan Muthupandian,Behnam Nabavizadeh,Mehdi Naderi,Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan,Mohsen Naghavi,Behshad Naghshtabrizi,Gurudatta Naik,Farid Najafi,Vinay Nangia,Jobert Richie Nansseu,Duduzile Ndwandwe,Ionut Negoi,Ruxandra Irina Negoi,Josephine W. Ngunjiri,Huong Lan Thi Nguyen,Trang Huyen Nguyen,Yeshambel T. Nigatu,Rajan Nikbakhsh,Amin Reza Nikpoor,Molly R Nixon,Chukwudi A Nnaji,Shuhei Nomura,Jean Jacques Noubiap,Soraya Nouraei Motlagh,Christoph Nowak,Adrian Oţoiu,Christopher M Odell,In-Hwan Oh,Morteza Oladnabi,Andrew T Olagunju,Bolajoko O. Olusanya,Jacob Olusegun Olusanya,Ahmed Omar Bali,Kanyin L. Ong,Obinna Onwujekwe,Alberto Ortiz,Nikita Otstavnov,Stanislav S. Otstavnov,Simon Øverland,Mayowa O. Owolabi,Mahesh P A,Jagadish Rao Padubidri,Keyvan Pakshir,Raffaele Palladino,Adrian Pana,Songhomitra Panda-Jonas,James Park,Deepak Kumar Pasupula,Jenil R. Patel,Sangram Kishor Patel,George C. Patton,Katherine R. Paulson,Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi,Spencer A. Pease,Amy E. Peden,Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito,Emmanuel Peprah,Alexandre C. Pereira,David M. Pereira,Norberto Perico,David M. Pigott,Thomas Pilgrim,Tessa M. Pilz,Michael A. Piradov,Meghdad Pirsaheb,Khem Narayan Pokhrel,Maarten J. Postma,Hadi Pourjafar,Farshad Pourmalek,Akram Pourshams,Anna Poznańska,Sergio I. Prada,Sanjay Prakash,Liliana Preotescu,Zahiruddin Quazi Syed,Mohammad Rabiee,Navid Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Alireza Rafiei,Alberto Raggi,Muhammad Aziz Rahman,Ali Rajabpour-Sanati,Pradhum Ram,Chhabi Lal Ranabhat,Sowmya J. Rao,Davide Rasella,Vahid Rashedi,Prateek Rastogi,Priya Rathi,Lal B. Rawal,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Vishnu Renjith,Andre M. N. Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Nima Rezaei,Mohammad Sadegh Rezai,Aziz Rezapour,Jennifer Rickard,Leonardo Roever,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Morteza Rostamian,Enrico Rubagotti,Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera,Siamak Sabour,Basema Saddik,Ehsan Sadeghi,Masoumeh Sadeghi,Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam,Yahya Safari,Sare Safi,Saeid Safiri,Rajesh Sagar,Amirhossein Sahebkar,Mohammad Ali Sahraian,S. Mohammad Sajadi,Mohammad Reza Salahshoor,Joseph Salama,Payman Salamati,Marwa Rashad Salem,Yahya Salimi,Joshua A. Salomon,Inbal Salz,Zainab Samad,Abdallah M. Samy,Juan Sanabria,Milena Santric-Milicevic,Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy,Benn Sartorius,Arash Sarveazad,Brijesh Sathian,Thirunavukkarasu Sathish,Davide Sattin,Mete Saylan,Lauren E. Schaeffer,Silvia Schiavolin,David C. Schwebel,Falk Schwendicke,Mario Šekerija,Anbissa Muleta Senbeta,Subramanian Senthilkumaran,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Edson Serván-Mori,Mahsima Shabani,Saeed Shahabi,Mohammad Shahbaz,Amira Shaheen,Masood Ali Shaikh,Ali S. Shalash,Mehran Shams-Beyranvand,MohammadBagher Shamsi,Morteza Shamsizadeh,Mohammed Shannawaz,Kiomars Sharafi,Zeinab Sharafi,Fablina Sharara,Rajesh Sharma,David H. Shaw,Aziz Sheikh,Jae Il Shin,Rahman Shiri,Mark G. Shrime,Kerem Shuval,Soraya Siabani,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir,Diego Augusto Santos Silva,Biagio Simonetti,Kyle E. Simpson,Jasvinder A. Singh,Eirini Skiadaresi,Valentin Yurievich Skryabin,Amin Soheili,Anton Sokhan,Reed J D Sorensen,Joan B. Soriano,Muluken Bekele Sorrie,Ireneous N. Soyiri,Emma Elizabeth Spurlock,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Leo Stockfelt,Mark A. Stokes,Jacob L. Stubbs,Agus Sudaryanto,Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan,Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader,Bryan L. Sykes,Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos,Karen M. Tabb,Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla,Amir Taherkhani,Muming Tang,Nuno Taveira,Heather Jean Taylor,Whitney L. Teagle,Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi,Berhane Fseha Teklehaimanot,Zemenu Tadesse Tessema,Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan,Nihal Thomas,Amanda G. Thrift,Mariya Vladimirovna Titova,Hamid Reza Tohidinik,Marcello Tonelli,Roman Topor-Madry,Fotis Topouzis,Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone,Eugenio Traini,Bach Xuan Tran,Ravensara S. Travillian,Sergi Trias-Llimós,Thomas Truelsen,Lorainne Tudor Car,Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan,Era Upadhyay,Marco Vacante,Alireza Vakilian,Pascual R. Valdez,Alessandro Valli,Constantine I. Vardavas,Tommi Vasankari,Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos,Yasser Vasseghian,Yousef Veisani,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Simone Vidale,Francesco Saverio Violante,Vasily Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Isidora S. Vujcic,Ana Vukovic,Rade Vukovic,Yasir Waheed,Mitchell T. Wallin,Magdalene K. Walters,Hongbo Wang,Yuan-Pang Wang,Stefanie Watson,Jingkai Wei,Jordan Weiss,Girmay Teklay Weldesamuel,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,Taweewat Wiangkham,Kirsten E. Wiens,Tissa Wijeratne,Charles Shey Wiysonge,Bogdan Wojtyniak,Charles D.A. Wolfe,Adam Belay Wondmieneh,Eve E. Wool,Ai-Min Wu,Junjie Wu,Gelin Xu,Tomohide Yamada,Kazumasa Yamagishi,Yuichiro Yano,Sanni Yaya,Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi,Jamal A. Yearwood,Tomas Y. Yeheyis,Christopher S Yilgwan,Paul S. F. Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Javad Yoosefi Lebni,Hunter York,Mustafa Z. Younis,Theodore Patrick Younker,Zabihollah Yousefi,Taraneh Yousefinezhadi,Abdilahi Yousuf Yousuf,Hasan Yusefzadeh,Telma Zahirian Moghadam,Josefina Zakzuk,Sojib Bin Zaman,Mohammad Mahdi Zamani,Maryam Zamanian,Hamed Zandian,Zhi-Jiang Zhang,Peng Zheng,Maigeng Zhou,Arash Ziapour,Christopher J L Murray +727 more
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tracking the reach of COVID-19 kin loss with a bereavement multiplier applied to the United States.
TL;DR: The bereavement multiplier is a useful indicator for tracking COVID-19’s multiplicative impact as it reverberates across American families and can be tailored to other causes of death, and researchers can estimate the bereavement burden over the course of the epidemic in lockstep with rising death tolls.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America
Robert V. Wells,Steven Ruggles +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The Future of Historical Family Demography
TL;DR: Using measurement methods that assess family choices at the individual level and analytic strategies that assess variations across space and time, this work can dissect the decline of patriarchal family forms in the developed world, and place Northwestern Europe and North America in global comparative context.
Journal ArticleDOI
What Drives National Differences in Intensive Grandparental Childcare in Europe
TL;DR: Higher levels of intensivegrandparental childcare are found in countries with low labor force participation among younger and older women, and low formal childcare provision, where mothers in paid work largely rely on grandparental support on an almost daily basis.
References
More filters
[The second demographic transition in Western countries: an interpretation]
TL;DR: This article argued that the demographic changes since the 1950s in the Western world with respect to family formation and dissolution form a sufficiently cohesive set to warrant a more holistic treatment instead of a variable by variable approach.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries of Fundamental Change
TL;DR: The transition began around 1800 with declining mortality in Europe and spread to all parts of the world and is projected to be completed by 2100 as mentioned in this paper, which has brought momentous changes, reshaping the economic and demographic life cycles of individuals and restructuring populations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe.
TL;DR: The analyses show that the cross-country correlations in Europe between total fertility and the total first marriage rate, the proportion of extramarital births, and the labour force participation of women reversed during the period from 1975 to 1999.
Journal ArticleDOI
The End of “Lowest‐Low” Fertility?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the demographic explanations for the recent rise in fertility stemming from fertility timing effects as well as economic, policy, and social factors and conclude that formerly lowest-low fertility countries should continue to see further increase in fertility as the transitory effects of shifts to later motherhood become less and less important.