Journal ArticleDOI
Lower level mediation in multilevel models.
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A model in which there is mediation at the lower level and the mediational links vary randomly across upper level units is discussed, and an ad hoc method that is illustrated with real and simulated data is developed.Abstract:
Multilevel models are increasingly used to estimate models for hierarchical and repeated measures data. The authors discuss a model in which there is mediation at the lower level and the mediational links vary randomly across upper level units. One repeated measures example is a case in which a person's daily stressors affect his or her coping efforts, which affect his or her mood, and both links vary randomly across persons. Where there is mediation at the lower level and the mediational links vary randomly across upper level units, the formulas for the indirect effect and its standard error must be modified to include the covariance between the random effects. Because no standard method can estimate such a model, the authors developed an ad hoc method that is illustrated with real and simulated data. Limitations of this method and characteristics of an ideal method are discussed.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical Mediation Analysis in the New Millennium
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on communication processes and understand how messages have an effect on some outcome of focus in a focus-based focus-oriented focus-set problem, which is the goal of most communication researchers.
Journal ArticleDOI
A General Multilevel SEM Framework for Assessing Multilevel Mediation
TL;DR: This work presents an integrative 2-level MSEM mathematical framework that subsumes new and existing multilevel mediation approaches as special cases and uses several applied examples to illustrate the flexibility of this framework.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation.
Scott E. Maxwell,David A. Cole +1 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cross-sectional approaches to mediation typically generate substantially biased estimates of longitudinal parameters even under the ideal conditions when mediation is complete.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conceptualizing and testing random indirect effects and moderated mediation in multilevel models: new procedures and recommendations.
TL;DR: New procedures for evaluating direct, indirect, and total effects in multilevel models when all relevant variables are measured at Level 1 and all effects are random are proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life.
TL;DR: Findings indicated that over time, the experience of positive emotions functions to assist high-resilient individuals in their ability to recover effectively from daily stress.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Reuben M. Baron,David A. Kenny +1 more
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Asymptotic Confidence Intervals for Indirect Effects in Structural Equation Models
TL;DR: For comments on an earlier draft of this chapter and for detailed advice I am indebted to Robert M. Hauser, Halliman H. Winsborough, Toni Richards, several anonymous reviewers, and the editor of this volume as discussed by the authors.
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