Management of meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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TLDR
This minireview focuses on the specific problems encountered in managing patients with penicillinand cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis and discusses some therapeutic alternatives that have recently been explored.Abstract:
Since the isolation of the first penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strain in 1967 (23), there have been many reports of treatment failure in patients with pneumococcal infections caused by strains resistant to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents such as chloramphenicol, macrolides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and the cephalosporins. As a result, the selection of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infections caused by these organisms has become increasingly difficult. In particular, the emergence of pneumococci resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins has limited the choices of antibiotics for the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis. This minireview focuses on the specific problems encountered in managing patients with penicillinand cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis and discusses some therapeutic alternatives that have recently been explored.read more
Citations
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Antimicrobial-drug resistance.
TL;DR: Since their discovery, antimicrobial drugs have proved remarkably effective for the control of bacterial infections, however, it was soon evident that bacterial pathogens were unlikely to surrender unconditionally, because some pathogens rapidly became resistant to many of the first effective drugs.
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Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Respiratory Tract Isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in North America: 1997 Results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program
TL;DR: As part of the ongoing multinational SENTRY antimicrobial resistance surveillance program, a total of 1,047 respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected between February and June 1997 and characterized in a central laboratory.
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Three-Year Multicenter Surveillance of Pneumococcal Meningitis in Children: Clinical Characteristics, and Outcome Related to Penicillin Susceptibility and Dexamethasone Use
Moshe Arditi,Edward O. Mason,John S. Bradley,Tina Q. Tan,William J. Barson,Gordon E. Schutze,Ellen R. Wald,Laurence B. Givner,Kwang Sik Kim,Ram Yogev,Sheldon L. Kaplan +10 more
TL;DR: The results show that the nonsusceptible organisms do not seem to be intrinsically more virulent than the susceptible strains and that the use of dexamethasone was not associated with a beneficial effect in this retrospective and nonrandomized study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
TL;DR: The development of DRSP is reviewed, populations at increased risk of exposure to DRSP are identified, what approaches might be used to limit its spread are addressed, and initial empirical therapy is suggested when treating patients with pneumonia due toDRSP.
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Effect of antimicrobial use and other risk factors on antimicrobial resistance in pneumococci.
TL;DR: Reducing antimicrobial use should be considered important for programs aimed at reducing antimicrobial resistance.
References
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National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
TL;DR: Many members of the Academy of Pediatrics seem to be generally unaware of the fact that the Academy has participated for ten years in a very interesting and valuable organization, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).
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Emergence of Drug-Resistant Pneumococcal Infections in the United States
TL;DR: Current recommendations for use of 23-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines should be aggressively promoted and that development and evaluation of new conjugate pneumococCal vaccines may be a crucial part of strategies for prevention are suggested.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dexamethasone therapy for bacterial meningitis
Marc H. Lebel,Bishara J. Freij,George A. Syrogiannopoulos,Dale F. Chrane,Martha Jean Hoyt,Sunita M. Stewart,Betsy D. Kennard,Kurt Olsen,George H. McCracken +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that dexamethasone is beneficial in the treatment of infants and children with bacterial meningitis, particularly in preventing deafness.
Journal ArticleDOI
The beneficial effects of early dexamethasone administration in infants and children with bacterial meningitis.
Carla M. Odio,Idis Faingezicht,Maria M. Paris,Martin Nassar,Aristides Baltodano,Jodi Rogers,Xavier Sáez-Llorens,Kurt Olsen,George H. McCracken +8 more
TL;DR: The results of this study, in which dexamethasone administration began before the initiation of cefotaxime therapy, provide additional evidence of a beneficial effect of dexamETHasone therapy in infants and children with bacterial meningitis.