Journal ArticleDOI
Masculine and Feminine Traits on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, 1993–2012: a Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis
Kristin Donnelly,Jean M. Twenge +1 more
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In this paper, a cross-temporal meta-analysis of U.S. college students' scores on the BSRI (34 samples, N = 8,027), examined changes in ratings on the Bem masculinity (M) and femininity scales since the early 1990s.Abstract:
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is one of Sandra Bem’s most notable contributions to feminist psychology, measuring an individual’s identification with traditionally masculine and feminine qualities. In a cross-temporal meta-analysis of U.S. college students’ scores on the BSRI (34 samples, N = 8,027), we examined changes in ratings on the Bem masculinity (M) and femininity (F) scales since the early 1990s. Additional analyses used data collected in a previous meta-analysis (Twenge 1997) to document changes since the BSRI’s inception in 1974. Our results reveal that women’s femininity scores have decreased significantly (d = −.26) between 1993 and 2012, whereas their masculinity remained stable. No significant changes were observed for men. Expanded analyses of data from 1974 to 2012 (94 samples, N = 24,801) found that women’s M rose significantly (d = .23), with no changes in women’s F, men’s M, and men’s F. Women’s androgyny scores showed a significant increase since 1974, but not since 1993. Men’s androgyny remained the same in both time periods. Our findings suggest that since the 1990s, U.S. college women have become less likely to endorse feminine traits as self-representative, potentially revealing a devaluation of traditional femininity. However, it is also possible that the scale items do not match modern gender stereotypes. Future research may need to update the BSRI to reflect current conceptions of gender.read more
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Creating a Chinese gender lexicon for detecting gendered wording in job advertisements
conwynypha,Ahmet Koyuncu +1 more
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper created a Chinese job advertisement gender lexicon based on 53,786 job advertisements collected from a large employment website in China, which mainly involved identifying candidate gender words and determining their gender scores.
Journal ArticleDOI
Boosting prosocial career aspirations: Loving‐kindness meditation relates to higher communal career goals in youth
TL;DR: For example, this article found that after listening to a brief loving-kindness meditation, participants will rate stronger communal career goals, as compared to controls, while filling out an apparently unrelated career goal survey.
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Revision needed? A social constructionist perspective on measurement scales for assessing gender role stereotypes in entrepreneurship
TL;DR: In this article , the authors compare contemporary views of who and what constitutes entrepreneurship with dimensions captured in established scales for determining gender role stereotypes associated with entrepreneurship and find various androgynous qualities of entrepreneurs not covered in Schein's Descriptive Index (SDI), Bem's Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), and Personal Attribute Questionnaire (PAQ).
Journal ArticleDOI
Do Voice-Based Judgments of Socially Relevant Speaker Traits Differ Across Speech Types?
Agata Groyecka-Bernard,Katarzyna Pisanski,Tomasz Frackowiak,Aleksander Kobylarek,Piotr Kupczyk,Anna Oleszkiewicz,Agnieszka Sabiniewicz,Monika Wróbel,Piotr Sorokowski +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a playback experiment was conducted to test whether listeners judge the same unseen speakers differently depending on the complexity of the neutral speech stimulus, from single vowel sounds to a full paragraph.
Journal ArticleDOI
Personal human values, informal caregiving and the relevance of gender and age: Findings from the population-based German Aging Survey.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed if personal human values and provision of informal care were associated and if this differed as a function of gender or age, and found that self-transcendence was associated with higher odds of caregiving among both, men and women.
References
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TL;DR: The Red River of the North basin of the Philippines was considered a part of the Louisiana Purchase by the United States Department of Commerce in the 1939 Census Atlas of the United Philippines as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The measurement of psychological androgyny.
TL;DR: A new sex-role inventory is described that treats masculinity and femininity as two independent dimensions, thereby making it possible to characterize a person as masculine, feminine, or "androgynous" as a function of the difference between his or her endorsement of masculine and feminine personality characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition.
TL;DR: Contrary to antipathy models, 2 dimensions mattered, and many stereotypes were mixed, either pitying (low competence, high warmth subordinates) or envying (high competence, low warmth competitors).