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Molecular Vibrations: The Theory of Infrared and Raman Vibrational Spectra
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The article was published on 1955-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 1183 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy & Infrared spectroscopy correlation table.read more
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Mechanisms of pulsed laser ablation of biological tissues.
Alfred Vogel,Vasan Venugopalan +1 more
TL;DR: It was found that the structure and morphology also affect the energy transport among tissue constituents and therefore the ablation efficiency of biological tissues is increased.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer experiment: Investigation description and surface science results
Philip R. Christensen,Joshua L. Bandfield,Victoria E. Hamilton,Steven W. Ruff,Hugh H. Kieffer,Timothy N. Titus,Michael C. Malin,Richard V. Morris,Melissa D. Lane,R. L. Clark,Bruce M. Jakosky,Michael T. Mellon,John C. Pearl,Barney J. Conrath,M. D. Smith,R. T. Clancy,Ruslan O. Kuzmin,Ted L. Roush,G. L. Mehall,Noel Gorelick,K. C. Bender,K. Murray,S. Dason,E. M. Greene,Steven H. Silverman,M. Greenfield +25 more
Abstract: The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) investigation on Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) is aimed at determining (1) the composition of surface minerals, rocks, and ices; (2) the temperature and dynamics of the atmosphere; (3) the properties of the atmospheric aerosols and clouds; (4) the nature of the polar regions; and (5) the thermophysical properties of the surface materials. These objectives are met using an infrared (5.8- to 50-μm) interferometric spectrometer, along with broadband thermal (5.1- to 150-μm) and visible/near-IR (0.3- to 2.9-μm) radiometers. The MGS TES instrument weighs 14.47 kg, consumes 10.6 W when operating, and is 23.6×35.5×40.0 cm in size. The TES data are calibrated to a 1-σ precision of 2.5−6×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1, 1.6×10−6 W cm−2 sr−1, and ∼0.5 K in the spectrometer, visible/near-IR bolometer, and IR bolometer, respectively. These instrument subsections are calibrated to an absolute accuracy of ∼4×10−8 W cm−2 sr−1/cm−1 (0.5 K at 280 K), 1–2%, and ∼1–2 K, respectively. Global mapping of surface mineralogy at a spatial resolution of 3 km has shown the following: (1) The mineralogic composition of dark regions varies from basaltic, primarily plagioclase feldspar and clinopyroxene, in the ancient, southern highlands to andesitic, dominated by plagioclase feldspar and volcanic glass, in the younger northern plains. (2) Aqueous mineralization has produced gray, crystalline hematite in limited regions under ambient or hydrothermal conditions; these deposits are interpreted to be in-place sedimentary rock formations and indicate that liquid water was stable near the surface for a long period of time. (3) There is no evidence for large-scale (tens of kilometers) occurrences of moderate-grained (>50-μm) carbonates exposed at the surface at a detection limit of ∼10%. (4) Unweathered volcanic minerals dominate the spectral properties of dark regions, and weathering products, such as clays, have not been observed anywhere above a detection limit of ∼10%; this lack of evidence for chemical weathering indicates a geologic history dominated by a cold, dry climate in which mechanical, rather than chemical, weathering was the significant form of erosion and sediment production. (5) There is no conclusive evidence for sulfate minerals at a detection limit of ∼15%. The polar region has been studied with the following major conclusions: (1) Condensed CO2 has three distinct end-members, from fine-grained crystals to slab ice. (2) The growth and retreat of the polar caps observed by MGS is virtually the same as observed by Viking 12 Martian years ago. (3) Unique regions have been identified that appear to differ primarily in the grain size of CO2; one south polar region appears to remain as black slab CO2 ice throughout its sublimation. (4) Regional atmospheric dust is common in localized and regional dust storms around the margin and interior of the southern cap. Analysis of the thermophysical properties of the surface shows that (1) the spatial pattern of albedo has changed since Viking observations, (2) a unique cluster of surface materials with intermediate inertia and albedo occurs that is distinct from the previously identified low-inertia/bright and high-inertia/dark surfaces, and (3) localized patches of high-inertia material have been found in topographic lows and may have been formed by a unique set of aeolian, fluvial, or erosional processes or may be exposed bedrock.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey mission
Philip R. Christensen,Bruce M. Jakosky,Hugh H. Kieffer,Michael C. Malin,Harry Y. McSween,Kenneth H. Nealson,G. L. Mehall,Steven H. Silverman,Steven Ferry,Michael Caplinger,M. A. Ravine +10 more
TL;DR: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on 2001 Mars Odyssey will investigate the surface mineralogy and physical properties of Mars using multi-spectral thermal-infrared images in nine wavelengths centered from 6.8 to 14.9 μm, and visible/near-in infrared images in five bands centered from 0.42 to 0.86 μm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anharmonic force constant calculations
A.R. Hoy,Ian Mills,G. Strey +2 more
TL;DR: The relationship of the anharmonic force constants in curvilinear internal coordinates to the observed vibration-rotation spectrum of a molecule is reviewed in this paper, where a simplified method of setting up the required non-linear coordinate transformations is described: this makes use of an L tensor, which is a straightforward generalization of the L matrix used in the customary description of harmonic force constant calculations.
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Surface enhanced vibrational spectroscopy
TL;DR: In this paper, the nature and properties of surface-enhanced vibrational spectra of molecules adsorbed on surfaces that can enhance the absorption and the emission of electromagnetic radiation are discussed.