Journal ArticleDOI
Morphology of carbon-black aggregates : fractal versus euclidean geometry
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In this paper, the utility of fractal and Euclidean geometry in the characterization of carbon-black aggregates has been compared for nineteen different grades of carbon black from a sampling of 1000 aggregates per grade.Abstract:
A study has been made comparing the utility of fractal and Euclidean geometry in the characterization of carbon-black aggregates. The fractal models used were the perimeter-area relationship, P∼ADp/2, and the mass fractal, M∼RDm. Values of the perimeter fractal, Dp, and the mass fractal, Dm, were determined for nineteen different grades of carbon black from a sampling of 1000 aggregates per grade. The perimeter (P), area (A), mass (M), and size (R) of the aggregates were all measured by on-line transmission-electron-microscopy/automated-image-analysis (TEM/AIA) which enabled rapid sampling. Values of Dp and Dm ranged from 1.05 to 1.23 and 2.85 to 2.47 respectively and were shown to correlate with carbon-black colloidal properties such as dibutyl-phthalate absorption (DBPA) and Euclidean size and shape parameters from TEM/AIA. These parameters were also used to classify aggregates into different shape categories using discrimination analysis techniques. Both perimeter and mass fractals were nearly...read more
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Characterization of dispersion state of filler and polymer-filler interactions in rubber-carbon black composites
L. Karásek,Masao Sumita +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a number of experimental methods and approaches for characterization of the dispersion state of filler in rubber-carbon black composites and an investigation of polymer-filler interactions are reviewed.
Book ChapterDOI
Mineral Fillers in Thermoplastics: Filler Manufacture and Characterisation
TL;DR: The principal mineral fillers used in thermoplastics and the reasons for using them are identified, together with those features that have to be controlled in order to achieve the optimum results and to avoid associated deleterious effects as mentioned in this paper.
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Rational design of reinforced rubber
D. J. Kohls,Gregory Beaucage +1 more
TL;DR: Filled elastomer systems have been studied extensively over the past several decades, especially in the application to tire performance as mentioned in this paper, and many attempts have been made to explain reinforcement of an elastomers when fillers are added.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elastomeric composites based on carbon nanomaterials
TL;DR: The fabrication processes of elastomers, the importance of keeping fillers at nanoscale in matrices, and the recent development of the elastomeric composites by incorporating CB, CNTs, and graphene and its derivatives are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Insight into Hierarchical Structures of Carbon Black Dispersed in Polymer Matrices: A Combined Small-Angle Scattering Study
Tadanori Koga,Takeji Hashimoto,Mikihito Takenaka,Kazuya Aizawa,Naoya Amino,Masao Nakamura,Daisuke Yamaguchi,Satoshi Koizumi +7 more
TL;DR: Using a combined ultra-small-angle and small-angle scattering (CSAS) method of neutrons and X-rays, this article investigated hierarchical structures of carbon black (CB) highly loaded in polyisoprene (PI) and poly(styrene-random-butadiene) copolymer (SBR) under mechanical field as well as in toluene under a sonic field (defined as CB/toluene).
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Journal ArticleDOI
Morphology of aggregates
TL;DR: In this article, the silhouette of an aggregate is treated as a plane figure, for which are calculated the radii of gyration about the two central principal axes in the plane, and other parameters are also calculated including the area and bulkiness, as well as a "structure factor" which expresses the excess area swept out by the figure as it rotates.