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Journal ArticleDOI

Mortality in patients with epilepsy.

W. Allen Hauser, +2 more
- 01 Aug 1980 - 
- Vol. 21, Iss: 4, pp 399-412
TLDR
Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were determined for a cohort of patients with first diagnosis of epilepsy as residents of Rochester, Minnesota, between 1935 and 1974, suggesting that factors other than seizure occurrence affect mortality.
Abstract
Summary: Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were determined for a cohort of patients with first diagnosis of epilepsy as residents of Rochester, Minnesota, between 1935 and 1974. SMR for the total group was 2.3 through 29 years of follow-up. SMR was lower for those with idiopathic epilepsy, although still significantly increased from expected. Several groups with idiopathic epilepsy did not have significantly elevated mortality rates. This included patients with absence seizures, partial and complex seizures, first diagnosis of epilepsy between ages 1 and 19, or patients who were female. Patients with febrile convulsions did not demonstrate alterations in expected mortality. Patients with single idiopathic generalized seizures did have an increase in mortality. For the group as a whole, as well as all idiopathic cases, the most significant increase in SMR occurred in the first 10 years following diagnosis. Interval SMRs were also significantly increased between 25 and 29 years following diagnosis. This suggests either a late effect associated with predisposition for seizures, an effect related to the chronic medication used for therapy, or a combination of the two. Patients experiencing remission of seizures demonstrated an increase in SMR, suggesting that factors other than seizure occurrence affect mortality. While an excess number of deaths relating to pulmonary events, accidents, extracranial neoplasms, and noncerebral or noncardiac vascular disease were observed, given the person-years of experience in this study, these generally were of borderline significance and there seemed no cause of death unique to those in the study group. RESUME Le taux ďincidence standardisee de mortalite (ISM) a ete determine pour un groupe de patients diagnostiques comme epileptiques residents a Rochester, Minnesota, entre 1935 et 1974. ĽISM pour le groupe total et pour les 29 annees de Ľetude a ete de 2.3. II etait plus bas pour les patients avec epilepsie idiopathique, bien qu'encore significativement plus eleve que Ľincidence attendue. Toutefois plusieurs groupes avec epilepsie idiopathique n'avaient pas un taux de mortalite significativement accru. II s'agit des groupes relatifs a des sujets ayant des absences, des crises partielles et complexes, des epilepsies dont le diagnostic initial avait ete porte entre un et 19 ans, ou des patients de sexe feminin. Chez les patients avec convulsions febriles il n'existait pas de modifications de la mortalite prevue. Chez ceux avec des crises idiopathiques generalisees uniques il y avait une augmentation de la mortalite. Pour le groupe entier, aussi bien que pour tous les cas idiopathiques, Ľaccroissement le plus significatif de ĽISM s'observait dans les 10 premieres annees suivant le diagnostic. II etait aussi significativement accru dans Ľintervalle entre 25 et 29 ans suivant le diagnostic. Ceci suggere, soit un effet tardif associea la predisposition epileptique, soit un effet tardif associea la predisposition epileptique, soit un effet liea la medication chronique, soit une combinaison de ces deux effets. Chez les patients ayant presente une remission des crises il existait un accroissement de ĽISM qui permet de penser que ďautres facteurs que les crises peuvent affecter la mortalite. Bien que Ľon ait observe un nombre excessif de morts liees a des affections pulmonaires, a des accidents, a des neoplasmes extra-craniens et a des affections vasculaires autres que cerebrates ou cardiaques, de telles causes de mortalite restent de signification indeterminee. RESUMEN Se determinaron las relaciones estandardizadas de mortalidad (SMR) para un grupo de pacientes diagnosticados de epilepsia mientras eran habitantes de Rochester, Minnesota entre 1935 y 1974. La SMR fue de 2.3 para la totalidad del grupo habiendo sido seguido durante 29 anos. La SMR fue mas baja para los pacientes con epilepsia idiopatica pero era superior a lo previsto. Diferentes grupos con epilepsia idiopatica no tenian tasas de mortalidad significativamente elevadas. Estos incluyeron pacientes con ausencias, ataques parciales y complejos, epilepsia diagnosticada por primera vez entre 1 y 19 anos de edad y pacientes del sexo femenino. Pacientes con crisis febriles no mostraron alteraciones en la mortalidad prevista. Sin embargo, pacientes con una sola crisis generalizada e idiopatica si evidenciaron un aumento en la mortalidad. Tomando el grupo como un todo, asi como todos los casos con crisis idiopaticas, el aumento mas significativo de la SMR tuvo lugar en los primeros 10 anos despues del diagnostico. La SMR estaba tambien significativamente aumentada en el intervalo entre 25 y 29 anos despues del diagnostico sugiriendo un efecto tardio asociado con la predisposicion para presentar ataques, un efecto relacionado con la medicacion utilizada cronicamente en la terapia o ambos efectos. Pacientes que tuvieron una remision de sus ataques mostraron un aumento en la SMR, sugiriendo que la mortalidad se ve afectada por otros factores aparte la ocurrencia de crisis comiciales. Mientras que un numero excesivo de muertes esta relacionado con enfermedades pulmonares, accidentes, neoplasias extracraneales y enfermedad vascular extracerebral y extracardiaca, considerando el numero de personas y anos de experiencia de este estudio, esas causas fueron de signification dudosa y no parecio existir una causa de muerte unica para aquellos pacientes incluidos en el grupo estudiado. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Standardisierte Mortalitatsziffern (SMR) wurden fur eine Gruppe von Patienten bestimmt, bei denen erstmalig die Diagnose Epilepsie gestellt wurde und die in Rochester, Minnesota, zwischen 1935 und 1974 lebten. Die SMR fur die gesamte Gruppe wahrend einer 29 jahrigen Beobachtungszeit betrug 2.3. Die SMR war niedriger fur Patienten mit idiopathischer Epilepsie, obwohl sie noch significant hoher als erwartet blieb. Mehrere Gruppen mit idiopathischer Epilepsie hatten keine signifikant erhohten Mortalitatsraten. Das betraf Patienten mit Absencen, partiellen und komplexen Anfallen, Epilepsien, die erstmalig zwischen einem und neunzehn Jahren diagnostiziert wurden und weibliche Patienten. Patienten mit Fieberkrampfen zeigten keine von den Erwartungswerten abweichende Mortalitatsrate. Patienten mit einzelnen idiopathischen generalisierten Anfallen hingegen zeigten eine erhohte Mortalitat. Fur die gesamte Gruppe ebenso wie fur alle idiopathischen Falle bestand die groste Erhohung der SMR innerhalb der ersten 10 Jahre nach der Diagnosestellung. Die Intervall-SMR war auch signifikant zwischen dem 25 und 29. Jahr nach der Diagnosestellung erhoht. Das last entweder an eine Spatwirkung, verbunden mit einer Pradisposition fur Anfalle denken, an eine Wirkung der chronischen Medikation als Therapie der Epilepsie oder an eine Kombination beider. Patienten in Anfallsremission zeigten eine Erhohung der SMR, was darauf hindeutet, das andere Faktoren als das Auftreten von Krampfen die Mortalitat beeinflusst. Obgleich eine uberzufallige Haufigkeit von Todesfallen bei pulmonalen Infekten, Unfallen, extrakraniellen Neoplasien und nicht-cerebralen sowie nicht-kardiovaskularen Erkrankungen beobachtet wird, ist diese Bedeutung–bezogen auf die summierten Beobach-tungsjahre aller Personen dieser Untersuchung–nur von grenzwertiger Bedeutung; keine Todesursache scheint einzigartig zu sein fur die untersuchte Gruppe.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Suicide as an outcome for mental disorders. A meta-analysis.

TL;DR: Almost all mental disorders have an increased risk of suicide excepting mental retardation and dementia, which is highest for functional and lowest for organic disorders with substance misuse disorders lying between.
Journal ArticleDOI

Incidence of Epilepsy and Unprovoked Seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984

TL;DR: Age‐and gender‐specific incidence trends were similar to those of epilepsy, but a higher proportion of cases was of unknown etiology and was characterized by generalized onset seizures.
Journal ArticleDOI

Excess mortality of mental disorder.

TL;DR: All mental disorders have an increased risk of premature death, and risk of death from unnatural causes is especially high for the functional disorders, particularly schizophrenia and major depression.
Journal ArticleDOI

Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940-1980.

TL;DR: The prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota has been determined for a specific date in each of 5 decennial census years since 1940, and was highest in the oldest age groups after 1950.
Journal ArticleDOI

Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood.

TL;DR: Although the majority of patients with epilepsy in childhood are free of seizures by the time they become adults, they are at increased risk for social and educational problems and patients whose epilepsy does not remit also have an increased risk of death.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967.

TL;DR: Comprehensive review of methods indicates that, although rates may indeed differ among different populations, a major problem is the wide variation in the completeness of case ascertainment and the definitions of epilepsy used.
Journal ArticleDOI

Remission of seizures and relapse in patients with epilepsy.

TL;DR: In a longitudinal study of patients with epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, it is found that the probability of being in remission at 20 years after diagnosis was 70% and the rates for remission were generally higher than those previously reported.
Journal ArticleDOI

Clinical and electroencephalographical classification of epileptic seizures.

Gastaut H
- 01 Mar 1970 - 
TL;DR: The proposed scheme of classification was presented in Vienna on 5 September 1965, at a joint meeting of the 8th International Neurological Congress and the Quadrennial Reunion of the ILAE, and avoided, so far as possible, both neologisms and too new or outrageous points of view.
Journal ArticleDOI

Epilepsy and mortality rate and cause of death.

Janusz J. Zielihski
- 01 Jun 1974 - 
TL;DR: The death of 218 persons known to have epilepsy in Warsaw was most often due to epilepsy, i.e., death in a convulsion or due to accident related to seizures, followed by brain tumor and heart disease, and in 97 institutionalized patients death in status or with pneumonia or heart disease was most frequent.
Journal ArticleDOI

Anticonvulsant drugs and cancer. A cohort study in patients with severe epilepsy.

TL;DR: Apart from the brain and central nervous system, no particular site had a significant excess of tumours and there were no liver tumours (and only one gallbladder carcinoma), which makes it unlikely that the liver tumour produced on feeding phenobarbitone to mice are indicators of major human risk.
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